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Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities
Classical psychedelics are psychoactive substances, which, besides their psychopharmacological activity, have also been shown to exert significant modulatory effects on immune responses by altering signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cellular proliferation, and cell survival via activating...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26236313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00358 |
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author | Szabo, Attila |
author_facet | Szabo, Attila |
author_sort | Szabo, Attila |
collection | PubMed |
description | Classical psychedelics are psychoactive substances, which, besides their psychopharmacological activity, have also been shown to exert significant modulatory effects on immune responses by altering signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cellular proliferation, and cell survival via activating NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Recently, several neurotransmitter receptors involved in the pharmacology of psychedelics, such as serotonin and sigma-1 receptors, have also been shown to play crucial roles in numerous immunological processes. This emerging field also offers promising treatment modalities in the therapy of various diseases including autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions, infections, and cancer. However, the scarcity of available review literature renders the topic unclear and obscure, mostly posing psychedelics as illicit drugs of abuse and not as physiologically relevant molecules or as possible agents of future pharmacotherapies. In this paper, the immunomodulatory potential of classical serotonergic psychedelics, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine will be discussed from a perspective of molecular immunology and pharmacology. Special attention will be given to the functional interaction of serotonin and sigma-1 receptors and their cross-talk with toll-like and RIG-I-like pattern-recognition receptor-mediated signaling. Furthermore, novel approaches will be suggested feasible for the treatment of diseases with chronic inflammatory etiology and pathology, such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4500993 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45009932015-07-31 Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities Szabo, Attila Front Immunol Immunology Classical psychedelics are psychoactive substances, which, besides their psychopharmacological activity, have also been shown to exert significant modulatory effects on immune responses by altering signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cellular proliferation, and cell survival via activating NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Recently, several neurotransmitter receptors involved in the pharmacology of psychedelics, such as serotonin and sigma-1 receptors, have also been shown to play crucial roles in numerous immunological processes. This emerging field also offers promising treatment modalities in the therapy of various diseases including autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions, infections, and cancer. However, the scarcity of available review literature renders the topic unclear and obscure, mostly posing psychedelics as illicit drugs of abuse and not as physiologically relevant molecules or as possible agents of future pharmacotherapies. In this paper, the immunomodulatory potential of classical serotonergic psychedelics, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine will be discussed from a perspective of molecular immunology and pharmacology. Special attention will be given to the functional interaction of serotonin and sigma-1 receptors and their cross-talk with toll-like and RIG-I-like pattern-recognition receptor-mediated signaling. Furthermore, novel approaches will be suggested feasible for the treatment of diseases with chronic inflammatory etiology and pathology, such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4500993/ /pubmed/26236313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00358 Text en Copyright © 2015 Szabo. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Szabo, Attila Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities |
title | Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities |
title_full | Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities |
title_fullStr | Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities |
title_full_unstemmed | Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities |
title_short | Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities |
title_sort | psychedelics and immunomodulation: novel approaches and therapeutic opportunities |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26236313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00358 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT szaboattila psychedelicsandimmunomodulationnovelapproachesandtherapeuticopportunities |