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Nucleus Accumbens-Associated Protein 1 Expression Has Potential as a Marker for Distinguishing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are defined by dysplastic cells in the epithelium. Over a third of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients present with associated OED. However, accurate histopathological diagnosis of such lesions is difficult. Nucleus acc...

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Autores principales: Sekine, Joji, Nakatani, Eiji, Ohira, Koichiro, Hideshima, Katsumi, Kanno, Takahiro, Nariai, Yoshiki, Kagimura, Tatsuo, Urano, Takeshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4501714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26172271
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131752
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author Sekine, Joji
Nakatani, Eiji
Ohira, Koichiro
Hideshima, Katsumi
Kanno, Takahiro
Nariai, Yoshiki
Kagimura, Tatsuo
Urano, Takeshi
author_facet Sekine, Joji
Nakatani, Eiji
Ohira, Koichiro
Hideshima, Katsumi
Kanno, Takahiro
Nariai, Yoshiki
Kagimura, Tatsuo
Urano, Takeshi
author_sort Sekine, Joji
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are defined by dysplastic cells in the epithelium. Over a third of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients present with associated OED. However, accurate histopathological diagnosis of such lesions is difficult. Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NAC1) is a member of the Pox virus and Zinc finger/Bric-a-brac Tramtrack Broad complex family of proteins, and is overexpressed in OSCC. This study aimed to determine whether NAC1 has the potential to be used as a marker to distinguish OED and OSCC. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The study included 114 patients (64 men, 50 women). There were 67, 10, and 37 patients with OED, CIS, and OSCC, respectively. NAC1 labeling indices (LIs) and immunoreactivity intensities (IRI) were evaluated. The patients’ pathological classification was significantly associated with age, sex, NAC1 LIs, and NAC1 IRI (p = 0.025, p = 0.022, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). As a result of multivariate analysis, a predictive model was made; this identified the NAC1 LIs (OR [95% CI] 1.18 [1.11–1.28], p < 0.001) and NAC1 IRI (0.78 [0.68–0.86], p < 0.001) as predictive factors for CIS/OSCC. The NAC1 LIs/IRI cut-off values which discriminated between OED and CIS/OSCC were 50%/124 pixels. For NAC1 LIs with > 50% positivity the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 0.766, 0.910, 0.857, and 0.847, respectively. For NAC1 IRI with ≤ 124 positive pixels, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 0.787, 0.866, 0.804, and 0.853, respectively. Though there are several potential limitations to this study and the results were obtained from a retrospective analysis of a single site cohort, the data suggest that the NAC1 LIs/IRI is a strong predictor of CIS/OSCC. CONCLUSIONS: NAC1 has potential as a marker for distinguishing OED from CIS/OSCC.
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spelling pubmed-45017142015-07-17 Nucleus Accumbens-Associated Protein 1 Expression Has Potential as a Marker for Distinguishing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sekine, Joji Nakatani, Eiji Ohira, Koichiro Hideshima, Katsumi Kanno, Takahiro Nariai, Yoshiki Kagimura, Tatsuo Urano, Takeshi PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are defined by dysplastic cells in the epithelium. Over a third of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients present with associated OED. However, accurate histopathological diagnosis of such lesions is difficult. Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NAC1) is a member of the Pox virus and Zinc finger/Bric-a-brac Tramtrack Broad complex family of proteins, and is overexpressed in OSCC. This study aimed to determine whether NAC1 has the potential to be used as a marker to distinguish OED and OSCC. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The study included 114 patients (64 men, 50 women). There were 67, 10, and 37 patients with OED, CIS, and OSCC, respectively. NAC1 labeling indices (LIs) and immunoreactivity intensities (IRI) were evaluated. The patients’ pathological classification was significantly associated with age, sex, NAC1 LIs, and NAC1 IRI (p = 0.025, p = 0.022, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). As a result of multivariate analysis, a predictive model was made; this identified the NAC1 LIs (OR [95% CI] 1.18 [1.11–1.28], p < 0.001) and NAC1 IRI (0.78 [0.68–0.86], p < 0.001) as predictive factors for CIS/OSCC. The NAC1 LIs/IRI cut-off values which discriminated between OED and CIS/OSCC were 50%/124 pixels. For NAC1 LIs with > 50% positivity the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 0.766, 0.910, 0.857, and 0.847, respectively. For NAC1 IRI with ≤ 124 positive pixels, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 0.787, 0.866, 0.804, and 0.853, respectively. Though there are several potential limitations to this study and the results were obtained from a retrospective analysis of a single site cohort, the data suggest that the NAC1 LIs/IRI is a strong predictor of CIS/OSCC. CONCLUSIONS: NAC1 has potential as a marker for distinguishing OED from CIS/OSCC. Public Library of Science 2015-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4501714/ /pubmed/26172271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131752 Text en © 2015 Sekine et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Sekine, Joji
Nakatani, Eiji
Ohira, Koichiro
Hideshima, Katsumi
Kanno, Takahiro
Nariai, Yoshiki
Kagimura, Tatsuo
Urano, Takeshi
Nucleus Accumbens-Associated Protein 1 Expression Has Potential as a Marker for Distinguishing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title Nucleus Accumbens-Associated Protein 1 Expression Has Potential as a Marker for Distinguishing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_full Nucleus Accumbens-Associated Protein 1 Expression Has Potential as a Marker for Distinguishing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_fullStr Nucleus Accumbens-Associated Protein 1 Expression Has Potential as a Marker for Distinguishing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Nucleus Accumbens-Associated Protein 1 Expression Has Potential as a Marker for Distinguishing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_short Nucleus Accumbens-Associated Protein 1 Expression Has Potential as a Marker for Distinguishing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_sort nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 expression has potential as a marker for distinguishing oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4501714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26172271
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131752
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