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Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the absorption, distribution, and excretion of Gallium-68 ((68)Ga) radionuclide after a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats. Additionally, human radiation doses were estimated from the rat data. METHODS: Twenty-one fe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4504870/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26183032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13550-015-0117-z |
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author | Autio, Anu Virtanen, Helena Tolvanen, Tuula Liljenbäck, Heidi Oikonen, Vesa Saanijoki, Tiina Siitonen, Riikka Käkelä, Meeri Schüssele, Andrea Teräs, Mika Roivainen, Anne |
author_facet | Autio, Anu Virtanen, Helena Tolvanen, Tuula Liljenbäck, Heidi Oikonen, Vesa Saanijoki, Tiina Siitonen, Riikka Käkelä, Meeri Schüssele, Andrea Teräs, Mika Roivainen, Anne |
author_sort | Autio, Anu |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the absorption, distribution, and excretion of Gallium-68 ((68)Ga) radionuclide after a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats. Additionally, human radiation doses were estimated from the rat data. METHODS: Twenty-one female and 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats were i.v. injected with 47 ± 4 MBq of (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate, and the radioactivity of excised organs was measured using a gamma counter at 5, 30, 60, 120, or 180 min afterwards (n = 3–7 for each time point). The radioactivity concentration and plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Subsequently, the estimates for human radiation dosimetry were determined. Additionally, 4 female and 5 male rats were positron emission tomography (PET) imaged for in vivo visualization of biodistribution. RESULTS: (68)Ga radioactivity was cleared relatively slowly from blood circulation and excreted into the urine, with some retention in the liver and spleen. Notably, the (68)Ga radioactivity in female genital organs, i.e., the uterus and ovaries, was considerable higher compared with male genitals. Extrapolating from the female and male rat (68)Ga data, the estimated effective dose was 0.0308 mSv/MBq for a 57-kg woman and 0.0191 mSv/MBq for a 70-kg man. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated human radiation burden of the (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate was slightly higher for females and similar for males as compared with somatostatin receptor ligands (68)Ga-DOTANOC, (68)Ga-DOTATOC, and (68)Ga-DOTATATE, which is probably due to the retention in the liver and spleen. Our results revealed some differences between female and male rat data, which, at least in part, may be explained by the small sample size. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4504870 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45048702015-07-22 Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry Autio, Anu Virtanen, Helena Tolvanen, Tuula Liljenbäck, Heidi Oikonen, Vesa Saanijoki, Tiina Siitonen, Riikka Käkelä, Meeri Schüssele, Andrea Teräs, Mika Roivainen, Anne EJNMMI Res Original Research BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the absorption, distribution, and excretion of Gallium-68 ((68)Ga) radionuclide after a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats. Additionally, human radiation doses were estimated from the rat data. METHODS: Twenty-one female and 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats were i.v. injected with 47 ± 4 MBq of (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate, and the radioactivity of excised organs was measured using a gamma counter at 5, 30, 60, 120, or 180 min afterwards (n = 3–7 for each time point). The radioactivity concentration and plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Subsequently, the estimates for human radiation dosimetry were determined. Additionally, 4 female and 5 male rats were positron emission tomography (PET) imaged for in vivo visualization of biodistribution. RESULTS: (68)Ga radioactivity was cleared relatively slowly from blood circulation and excreted into the urine, with some retention in the liver and spleen. Notably, the (68)Ga radioactivity in female genital organs, i.e., the uterus and ovaries, was considerable higher compared with male genitals. Extrapolating from the female and male rat (68)Ga data, the estimated effective dose was 0.0308 mSv/MBq for a 57-kg woman and 0.0191 mSv/MBq for a 70-kg man. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated human radiation burden of the (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate was slightly higher for females and similar for males as compared with somatostatin receptor ligands (68)Ga-DOTANOC, (68)Ga-DOTATOC, and (68)Ga-DOTATATE, which is probably due to the retention in the liver and spleen. Our results revealed some differences between female and male rat data, which, at least in part, may be explained by the small sample size. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2015-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4504870/ /pubmed/26183032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13550-015-0117-z Text en © Autio et al. 2016 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Autio, Anu Virtanen, Helena Tolvanen, Tuula Liljenbäck, Heidi Oikonen, Vesa Saanijoki, Tiina Siitonen, Riikka Käkelä, Meeri Schüssele, Andrea Teräs, Mika Roivainen, Anne Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry |
title | Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry |
title_full | Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry |
title_fullStr | Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry |
title_full_unstemmed | Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry |
title_short | Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry |
title_sort | absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)ge/(68)ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4504870/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26183032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13550-015-0117-z |
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