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Neglected Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern States of India

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The northeastern States of India are co-endemic for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria. The transmission intensity is low-to-moderate resulting in intermediate to stable malaria. Malaria control prioritized P. falciparum being the predominant and life threatening...

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Autores principales: Sharma, Vinod P., Dev, Vas, Phookan, Sobhan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4510752/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26139771
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.159511
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author Sharma, Vinod P.
Dev, Vas
Phookan, Sobhan
author_facet Sharma, Vinod P.
Dev, Vas
Phookan, Sobhan
author_sort Sharma, Vinod P.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The northeastern States of India are co-endemic for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria. The transmission intensity is low-to-moderate resulting in intermediate to stable malaria. Malaria control prioritized P. falciparum being the predominant and life threatening infection (>70%). P. vivax malaria remained somewhat neglected. The present study provides a status report of P. vivax malaria in the northeastern States of India. METHODS: Data on spatial distribution of P. vivax from seven northeastern States (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura) were analysed retrospectively from 2008–2013. In addition, cross-sectional malarial surveys were conducted during 1991-2012 in malaria endemic pockets across the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura to ascertain the prevalence of P. vivax in different age groups. RESULTS: Vivax malaria was encountered in all northeastern States but there existed a clear division of two malaria ecotypes supporting ≤30 and >30 per cent of total malaria cases. High proportions of P. vivax cases (60–80%) were seen in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland in the north with alpine environment, 42-67 per cent in Manipur, whereas in Assam it varied from 23-31 per cent with subtropical and tropical climate. Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram had the lowest proportion of P. vivax cases. Malaria cases were recorded in all age groups but a higher proportion of P. vivax consistently occurred among <5 yr age group compared to P. falciparum (P<0.05). P. vivax cases were recorded throughout the year with peak coinciding with rainy season although transmission intensity and duration varied. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: In northeast India, P. vivax is a neglected infection. Estimating the relapsing pattern and transmission dynamics of P. vivax in various ecological settings is an important pre-requisite for planning malaria elimination in the northeastern States.
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spelling pubmed-45107522015-07-29 Neglected Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern States of India Sharma, Vinod P. Dev, Vas Phookan, Sobhan Indian J Med Res Original Article BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The northeastern States of India are co-endemic for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria. The transmission intensity is low-to-moderate resulting in intermediate to stable malaria. Malaria control prioritized P. falciparum being the predominant and life threatening infection (>70%). P. vivax malaria remained somewhat neglected. The present study provides a status report of P. vivax malaria in the northeastern States of India. METHODS: Data on spatial distribution of P. vivax from seven northeastern States (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura) were analysed retrospectively from 2008–2013. In addition, cross-sectional malarial surveys were conducted during 1991-2012 in malaria endemic pockets across the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura to ascertain the prevalence of P. vivax in different age groups. RESULTS: Vivax malaria was encountered in all northeastern States but there existed a clear division of two malaria ecotypes supporting ≤30 and >30 per cent of total malaria cases. High proportions of P. vivax cases (60–80%) were seen in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland in the north with alpine environment, 42-67 per cent in Manipur, whereas in Assam it varied from 23-31 per cent with subtropical and tropical climate. Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram had the lowest proportion of P. vivax cases. Malaria cases were recorded in all age groups but a higher proportion of P. vivax consistently occurred among <5 yr age group compared to P. falciparum (P<0.05). P. vivax cases were recorded throughout the year with peak coinciding with rainy season although transmission intensity and duration varied. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: In northeast India, P. vivax is a neglected infection. Estimating the relapsing pattern and transmission dynamics of P. vivax in various ecological settings is an important pre-requisite for planning malaria elimination in the northeastern States. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2015-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4510752/ /pubmed/26139771 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.159511 Text en Copyright: © Indian Journal of Medical Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Sharma, Vinod P.
Dev, Vas
Phookan, Sobhan
Neglected Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern States of India
title Neglected Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern States of India
title_full Neglected Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern States of India
title_fullStr Neglected Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern States of India
title_full_unstemmed Neglected Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern States of India
title_short Neglected Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern States of India
title_sort neglected plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern states of india
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4510752/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26139771
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.159511
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