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The expression of B & T cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine

Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) can prevent influenza illness and death in children. The absence of known correlates of protection induced by LAIV requires human studies of underlying mechanisms of vaccine-induced immunity, to further elucidate the immunological processes occurring. In thi...

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Autores principales: Panapasa, Jack A, Cox, Rebecca J, Mohn, Kristin G I, Aqrawi, Lara A, Brokstad, Karl A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4514187/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26148331
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1032486
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author Panapasa, Jack A
Cox, Rebecca J
Mohn, Kristin G I
Aqrawi, Lara A
Brokstad, Karl A
author_facet Panapasa, Jack A
Cox, Rebecca J
Mohn, Kristin G I
Aqrawi, Lara A
Brokstad, Karl A
author_sort Panapasa, Jack A
collection PubMed
description Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) can prevent influenza illness and death in children. The absence of known correlates of protection induced by LAIV requires human studies of underlying mechanisms of vaccine-induced immunity, to further elucidate the immunological processes occurring. In this study, children scheduled for elective tonsillectomy were enrolled in a clinical trial to evaluate the immune response to LAIV, in order to compare T and B cell gene expression profiles. Twenty-three children (aged 3–17 years) were divided into 4 groups; unvaccinated controls, or vaccinated intranasally with LAIV at days 3–4, 6–7, and 12–15 before tonsillectomy. Total RNA extraction was performed on tonsillar tissue and high RNA quality was assured. The samples were then analyzed using a validated RT2 Profiler PCR Array containing 84 gene-specific primers involved in B and T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, regulation and polarization. The gene expression after LAIV vaccination was subsequently compared to the controls. We observed that at d 3–4 post vaccination, 6 genes were down-regulated, namely APC, CD3G, FASLG, IL7, CD8A and TLR1. Meanwhile at 6–7 days post vaccination, 9 genes were significantly up-regulated, including RIPK2, TGFB1, MICB, SOCS1, IL2RA, MS4A1, PTPRC, IL2 and IL8. By days 12–15 the genes RIPK2, IL4, IL12B and TLR2 were overexpressed. RIPK2 was upregulated at all 3 time points. Our data suggests an overall proliferation, differentiation and regulation of B and T cells in the tonsils following LAIV, where the majority of genes were up-regulated at days 6–7 and normalized by days 12–15. These findings may provide a first step into defining future biomarkers or correlates of protection after LAIV immunization.
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spelling pubmed-45141872016-02-03 The expression of B & T cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine Panapasa, Jack A Cox, Rebecca J Mohn, Kristin G I Aqrawi, Lara A Brokstad, Karl A Hum Vaccin Immunother Research Paper Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) can prevent influenza illness and death in children. The absence of known correlates of protection induced by LAIV requires human studies of underlying mechanisms of vaccine-induced immunity, to further elucidate the immunological processes occurring. In this study, children scheduled for elective tonsillectomy were enrolled in a clinical trial to evaluate the immune response to LAIV, in order to compare T and B cell gene expression profiles. Twenty-three children (aged 3–17 years) were divided into 4 groups; unvaccinated controls, or vaccinated intranasally with LAIV at days 3–4, 6–7, and 12–15 before tonsillectomy. Total RNA extraction was performed on tonsillar tissue and high RNA quality was assured. The samples were then analyzed using a validated RT2 Profiler PCR Array containing 84 gene-specific primers involved in B and T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, regulation and polarization. The gene expression after LAIV vaccination was subsequently compared to the controls. We observed that at d 3–4 post vaccination, 6 genes were down-regulated, namely APC, CD3G, FASLG, IL7, CD8A and TLR1. Meanwhile at 6–7 days post vaccination, 9 genes were significantly up-regulated, including RIPK2, TGFB1, MICB, SOCS1, IL2RA, MS4A1, PTPRC, IL2 and IL8. By days 12–15 the genes RIPK2, IL4, IL12B and TLR2 were overexpressed. RIPK2 was upregulated at all 3 time points. Our data suggests an overall proliferation, differentiation and regulation of B and T cells in the tonsils following LAIV, where the majority of genes were up-regulated at days 6–7 and normalized by days 12–15. These findings may provide a first step into defining future biomarkers or correlates of protection after LAIV immunization. Taylor & Francis 2015-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4514187/ /pubmed/26148331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1032486 Text en © 2015 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.
spellingShingle Research Paper
Panapasa, Jack A
Cox, Rebecca J
Mohn, Kristin G I
Aqrawi, Lara A
Brokstad, Karl A
The expression of B & T cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine
title The expression of B & T cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine
title_full The expression of B & T cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine
title_fullStr The expression of B & T cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine
title_full_unstemmed The expression of B & T cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine
title_short The expression of B & T cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine
title_sort expression of b & t cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4514187/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26148331
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1032486
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