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Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market

To investigate the prevalence of lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish from the Chinese market, we used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure levels of okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid (AZA1), pectenotoxin (PTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), and spiroli...

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Autores principales: Wu, Haiyan, Yao, Jianhua, Guo, Mengmeng, Tan, Zhijun, Zhou, Deqing, Zhai, Yuxiu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184236
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13074281
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author Wu, Haiyan
Yao, Jianhua
Guo, Mengmeng
Tan, Zhijun
Zhou, Deqing
Zhai, Yuxiu
author_facet Wu, Haiyan
Yao, Jianhua
Guo, Mengmeng
Tan, Zhijun
Zhou, Deqing
Zhai, Yuxiu
author_sort Wu, Haiyan
collection PubMed
description To investigate the prevalence of lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish from the Chinese market, we used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure levels of okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid (AZA1), pectenotoxin (PTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), and spirolide (SPX1). We collected and analyzed 291 shellfish samples from main production sites along a wide latitudinal transect along the Chinese coastline from December 2008 to December 2009. Results revealed a patchy distribution of the five toxins and highlighted the specific geographical distribution and seasonal and species variation of the putative toxigenic organisms. All five lipophilic marine biotoxins were found in shellfish samples. The highest concentrations of OA, AZA1, PTX2, GYM, and SPX1 were 37.3, 5.90, 16.4, 14.4, and 8.97 μg/kg, respectively. These values were much lower than the legislation limits for lipophilic shellfish toxins. However, the value might be significantly underestimated for the limited detection toxins. Also, these toxins were found in most coastal areas of China and were present in almost all seasons of the year. Thus, these five toxins represent a potential threat to human health. Consequently, studies should be conducted and measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the harvested product.
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spelling pubmed-45156172015-07-28 Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market Wu, Haiyan Yao, Jianhua Guo, Mengmeng Tan, Zhijun Zhou, Deqing Zhai, Yuxiu Mar Drugs Article To investigate the prevalence of lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish from the Chinese market, we used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure levels of okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid (AZA1), pectenotoxin (PTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), and spirolide (SPX1). We collected and analyzed 291 shellfish samples from main production sites along a wide latitudinal transect along the Chinese coastline from December 2008 to December 2009. Results revealed a patchy distribution of the five toxins and highlighted the specific geographical distribution and seasonal and species variation of the putative toxigenic organisms. All five lipophilic marine biotoxins were found in shellfish samples. The highest concentrations of OA, AZA1, PTX2, GYM, and SPX1 were 37.3, 5.90, 16.4, 14.4, and 8.97 μg/kg, respectively. These values were much lower than the legislation limits for lipophilic shellfish toxins. However, the value might be significantly underestimated for the limited detection toxins. Also, these toxins were found in most coastal areas of China and were present in almost all seasons of the year. Thus, these five toxins represent a potential threat to human health. Consequently, studies should be conducted and measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the harvested product. MDPI 2015-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4515617/ /pubmed/26184236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13074281 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wu, Haiyan
Yao, Jianhua
Guo, Mengmeng
Tan, Zhijun
Zhou, Deqing
Zhai, Yuxiu
Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market
title Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market
title_full Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market
title_fullStr Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market
title_full_unstemmed Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market
title_short Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market
title_sort distribution of marine lipophilic toxins in shellfish products collected from the chinese market
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184236
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13074281
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