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Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market
To investigate the prevalence of lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish from the Chinese market, we used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure levels of okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid (AZA1), pectenotoxin (PTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), and spiroli...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515617/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13074281 |
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author | Wu, Haiyan Yao, Jianhua Guo, Mengmeng Tan, Zhijun Zhou, Deqing Zhai, Yuxiu |
author_facet | Wu, Haiyan Yao, Jianhua Guo, Mengmeng Tan, Zhijun Zhou, Deqing Zhai, Yuxiu |
author_sort | Wu, Haiyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | To investigate the prevalence of lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish from the Chinese market, we used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure levels of okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid (AZA1), pectenotoxin (PTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), and spirolide (SPX1). We collected and analyzed 291 shellfish samples from main production sites along a wide latitudinal transect along the Chinese coastline from December 2008 to December 2009. Results revealed a patchy distribution of the five toxins and highlighted the specific geographical distribution and seasonal and species variation of the putative toxigenic organisms. All five lipophilic marine biotoxins were found in shellfish samples. The highest concentrations of OA, AZA1, PTX2, GYM, and SPX1 were 37.3, 5.90, 16.4, 14.4, and 8.97 μg/kg, respectively. These values were much lower than the legislation limits for lipophilic shellfish toxins. However, the value might be significantly underestimated for the limited detection toxins. Also, these toxins were found in most coastal areas of China and were present in almost all seasons of the year. Thus, these five toxins represent a potential threat to human health. Consequently, studies should be conducted and measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the harvested product. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4515617 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45156172015-07-28 Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market Wu, Haiyan Yao, Jianhua Guo, Mengmeng Tan, Zhijun Zhou, Deqing Zhai, Yuxiu Mar Drugs Article To investigate the prevalence of lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish from the Chinese market, we used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure levels of okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid (AZA1), pectenotoxin (PTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), and spirolide (SPX1). We collected and analyzed 291 shellfish samples from main production sites along a wide latitudinal transect along the Chinese coastline from December 2008 to December 2009. Results revealed a patchy distribution of the five toxins and highlighted the specific geographical distribution and seasonal and species variation of the putative toxigenic organisms. All five lipophilic marine biotoxins were found in shellfish samples. The highest concentrations of OA, AZA1, PTX2, GYM, and SPX1 were 37.3, 5.90, 16.4, 14.4, and 8.97 μg/kg, respectively. These values were much lower than the legislation limits for lipophilic shellfish toxins. However, the value might be significantly underestimated for the limited detection toxins. Also, these toxins were found in most coastal areas of China and were present in almost all seasons of the year. Thus, these five toxins represent a potential threat to human health. Consequently, studies should be conducted and measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the harvested product. MDPI 2015-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4515617/ /pubmed/26184236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13074281 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wu, Haiyan Yao, Jianhua Guo, Mengmeng Tan, Zhijun Zhou, Deqing Zhai, Yuxiu Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market |
title | Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market |
title_full | Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market |
title_fullStr | Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market |
title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market |
title_short | Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market |
title_sort | distribution of marine lipophilic toxins in shellfish products collected from the chinese market |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515617/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13074281 |
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