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Gluten Psychosis: Confirmation of a New Clinical Entity

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome diagnosed in patients with symptoms that respond to removal of gluten from the diet, after celiac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded. NCGS has been related to neuro-psychiatric disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia and depression. A sin...

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Autores principales: Lionetti, Elena, Leonardi, Salvatore, Franzonello, Chiara, Mancardi, Margherita, Ruggieri, Martino, Catassi, Carlo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184290
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7075235
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author Lionetti, Elena
Leonardi, Salvatore
Franzonello, Chiara
Mancardi, Margherita
Ruggieri, Martino
Catassi, Carlo
author_facet Lionetti, Elena
Leonardi, Salvatore
Franzonello, Chiara
Mancardi, Margherita
Ruggieri, Martino
Catassi, Carlo
author_sort Lionetti, Elena
collection PubMed
description Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome diagnosed in patients with symptoms that respond to removal of gluten from the diet, after celiac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded. NCGS has been related to neuro-psychiatric disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia and depression. A singular report of NCGS presenting with hallucinations has been described in an adult patient. We report a pediatric case of a psychotic disorder clearly related to NCGS and investigate the causes by a review of literature. The pathogenesis of neuro-psychiatric manifestations of NCGS is unclear. It has been hypothesized that: (a) a “leaky gut” allows some gluten peptides to cross the intestinal membrane and the blood brain barrier, affecting the endogenous opiate system and neurotransmission; or (b) gluten peptides may set up an innate immune response in the brain similar to that described in the gut mucosa, causing exposure from neuronal cells of a transglutaminase primarily expressed in the brain. The present case-report confirms that psychosis may be a manifestation of NCGS, and may also involve children; the diagnosis is difficult with many cases remaining undiagnosed. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to establish the real role of gluten as a triggering factor in neuro-psychiatric disorders.
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spelling pubmed-45170122015-07-30 Gluten Psychosis: Confirmation of a New Clinical Entity Lionetti, Elena Leonardi, Salvatore Franzonello, Chiara Mancardi, Margherita Ruggieri, Martino Catassi, Carlo Nutrients Case Report Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome diagnosed in patients with symptoms that respond to removal of gluten from the diet, after celiac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded. NCGS has been related to neuro-psychiatric disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia and depression. A singular report of NCGS presenting with hallucinations has been described in an adult patient. We report a pediatric case of a psychotic disorder clearly related to NCGS and investigate the causes by a review of literature. The pathogenesis of neuro-psychiatric manifestations of NCGS is unclear. It has been hypothesized that: (a) a “leaky gut” allows some gluten peptides to cross the intestinal membrane and the blood brain barrier, affecting the endogenous opiate system and neurotransmission; or (b) gluten peptides may set up an innate immune response in the brain similar to that described in the gut mucosa, causing exposure from neuronal cells of a transglutaminase primarily expressed in the brain. The present case-report confirms that psychosis may be a manifestation of NCGS, and may also involve children; the diagnosis is difficult with many cases remaining undiagnosed. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to establish the real role of gluten as a triggering factor in neuro-psychiatric disorders. MDPI 2015-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4517012/ /pubmed/26184290 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7075235 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Lionetti, Elena
Leonardi, Salvatore
Franzonello, Chiara
Mancardi, Margherita
Ruggieri, Martino
Catassi, Carlo
Gluten Psychosis: Confirmation of a New Clinical Entity
title Gluten Psychosis: Confirmation of a New Clinical Entity
title_full Gluten Psychosis: Confirmation of a New Clinical Entity
title_fullStr Gluten Psychosis: Confirmation of a New Clinical Entity
title_full_unstemmed Gluten Psychosis: Confirmation of a New Clinical Entity
title_short Gluten Psychosis: Confirmation of a New Clinical Entity
title_sort gluten psychosis: confirmation of a new clinical entity
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184290
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7075235
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