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Cellulite in menopause
Menopause is a physiological process related to the increasing insufficiency of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis. The pool of ovarian follicles capable of synthesizing female sex hormones becomes gradually depleted. In response to the sequence of endocrine changes of premenopause, perimenop...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Termedia Publishing House
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520379/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26327870 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pm.2014.46472 |
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author | Leszko, Marta |
author_facet | Leszko, Marta |
author_sort | Leszko, Marta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Menopause is a physiological process related to the increasing insufficiency of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis. The pool of ovarian follicles capable of synthesizing female sex hormones becomes gradually depleted. In response to the sequence of endocrine changes of premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause, systemic somatic and emotional disturbances appear. Skin is the target organ for sex hormones. In women, the trophicity and appearance of the skin are most significantly affected by female sex hormones, estrogens and progesterone. However, this review also emphasizes the influences of other hormones on the skin and subcutaneous tissue. During menopause, a low estrogen concentration is responsible for increased vascular permeability and decreased vascular tone, which lead to microcirculation impairment and are important factors predisposing to the development of cellulite. The effects of estrogen deficiency on the skin connective tissue include a decreased production and topical content of both type I and III collagen and elastin fibers, which also contributes to cellulite. This paper presents diagnostic methods and clinical types of cellulite, as well as principal instrumental and manual treatments used for the reduction of the condition. Preparations containing ingredients which help to improve the metabolism of subcutaneous fat and enhance blood and lymphatic circulation, applied in cosmetology and esthetic medicine practice, have been reviewed. Furthermore, we provide an array of opinions regarding the effectiveness of treatment modalities presented here. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4520379 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Termedia Publishing House |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45203792015-08-31 Cellulite in menopause Leszko, Marta Prz Menopauzalny Review Paper Menopause is a physiological process related to the increasing insufficiency of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis. The pool of ovarian follicles capable of synthesizing female sex hormones becomes gradually depleted. In response to the sequence of endocrine changes of premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause, systemic somatic and emotional disturbances appear. Skin is the target organ for sex hormones. In women, the trophicity and appearance of the skin are most significantly affected by female sex hormones, estrogens and progesterone. However, this review also emphasizes the influences of other hormones on the skin and subcutaneous tissue. During menopause, a low estrogen concentration is responsible for increased vascular permeability and decreased vascular tone, which lead to microcirculation impairment and are important factors predisposing to the development of cellulite. The effects of estrogen deficiency on the skin connective tissue include a decreased production and topical content of both type I and III collagen and elastin fibers, which also contributes to cellulite. This paper presents diagnostic methods and clinical types of cellulite, as well as principal instrumental and manual treatments used for the reduction of the condition. Preparations containing ingredients which help to improve the metabolism of subcutaneous fat and enhance blood and lymphatic circulation, applied in cosmetology and esthetic medicine practice, have been reviewed. Furthermore, we provide an array of opinions regarding the effectiveness of treatment modalities presented here. Termedia Publishing House 2014-11-02 2014-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4520379/ /pubmed/26327870 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pm.2014.46472 Text en Copyright © 2014 Termedia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Paper Leszko, Marta Cellulite in menopause |
title | Cellulite in menopause |
title_full | Cellulite in menopause |
title_fullStr | Cellulite in menopause |
title_full_unstemmed | Cellulite in menopause |
title_short | Cellulite in menopause |
title_sort | cellulite in menopause |
topic | Review Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520379/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26327870 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pm.2014.46472 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT leszkomarta celluliteinmenopause |