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Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases

Astrocytes play crucial roles in the brain and are involved in the neuroinflammatory response. They become reactive in response to virtually all pathological situations in the brain such as axotomy, ischemia, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Astrocyte reactivity was originally charact...

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Autores principales: Ben Haim, Lucile, Carrillo-de Sauvage, Maria-Angeles, Ceyzériat, Kelly, Escartin, Carole
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26283915
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00278
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author Ben Haim, Lucile
Carrillo-de Sauvage, Maria-Angeles
Ceyzériat, Kelly
Escartin, Carole
author_facet Ben Haim, Lucile
Carrillo-de Sauvage, Maria-Angeles
Ceyzériat, Kelly
Escartin, Carole
author_sort Ben Haim, Lucile
collection PubMed
description Astrocytes play crucial roles in the brain and are involved in the neuroinflammatory response. They become reactive in response to virtually all pathological situations in the brain such as axotomy, ischemia, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Astrocyte reactivity was originally characterized by morphological changes (hypertrophy, remodeling of processes) and the overexpression of the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, it is unclear how the normal supportive functions of astrocytes are altered by their reactive state. In ND, in which neuronal dysfunction and astrocyte reactivity take place over several years or decades, the issue is even more complex and highly debated, with several conflicting reports published recently. In this review, we discuss studies addressing the contribution of reactive astrocytes to ND. We describe the molecular triggers leading to astrocyte reactivity during ND, examine how some key astrocyte functions may be enhanced or altered during the disease process, and discuss how astrocyte reactivity may globally affect ND progression. Finally we will consider the anticipated developments in this important field. With this review, we aim to show that the detailed study of reactive astrocytes may open new perspectives for ND.
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spelling pubmed-45226102015-08-17 Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases Ben Haim, Lucile Carrillo-de Sauvage, Maria-Angeles Ceyzériat, Kelly Escartin, Carole Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Astrocytes play crucial roles in the brain and are involved in the neuroinflammatory response. They become reactive in response to virtually all pathological situations in the brain such as axotomy, ischemia, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Astrocyte reactivity was originally characterized by morphological changes (hypertrophy, remodeling of processes) and the overexpression of the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, it is unclear how the normal supportive functions of astrocytes are altered by their reactive state. In ND, in which neuronal dysfunction and astrocyte reactivity take place over several years or decades, the issue is even more complex and highly debated, with several conflicting reports published recently. In this review, we discuss studies addressing the contribution of reactive astrocytes to ND. We describe the molecular triggers leading to astrocyte reactivity during ND, examine how some key astrocyte functions may be enhanced or altered during the disease process, and discuss how astrocyte reactivity may globally affect ND progression. Finally we will consider the anticipated developments in this important field. With this review, we aim to show that the detailed study of reactive astrocytes may open new perspectives for ND. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4522610/ /pubmed/26283915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00278 Text en Copyright © 2015 Ben Haim, Carrillo-de Sauvage, Ceyzériat and Escartin. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Ben Haim, Lucile
Carrillo-de Sauvage, Maria-Angeles
Ceyzériat, Kelly
Escartin, Carole
Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases
title Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases
title_full Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases
title_fullStr Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases
title_full_unstemmed Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases
title_short Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases
title_sort elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26283915
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00278
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