Cargando…

The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review

Khat, an “amphetamine-like green leaf,” may influence the consumption of tobacco. This study reviews the epidemiology of tobacco use among khat users. Electronic database searches using appropriate keywords/terms were conducted to identify observational studies of khat use. Assessment of quality and...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kassim, Saba, Jawad, Mohammed, Croucher, Ray, Akl, Elie A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529904/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273606
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/313692
_version_ 1782384837313691648
author Kassim, Saba
Jawad, Mohammed
Croucher, Ray
Akl, Elie A.
author_facet Kassim, Saba
Jawad, Mohammed
Croucher, Ray
Akl, Elie A.
author_sort Kassim, Saba
collection PubMed
description Khat, an “amphetamine-like green leaf,” may influence the consumption of tobacco. This study reviews the epidemiology of tobacco use among khat users. Electronic database searches using appropriate keywords/terms were conducted to identify observational studies of khat use. Assessment of quality and risk of bias of all included studies was conducted, and the results were synthesised descriptively. Nine eligible cross-sectional studies were identified. All assessed self-reported tobacco among khat users and were carried out in Africa and the Middle East. Eight reported cigarettes and one reported waterpipes as the mode of use. Methods of tobacco use prevalence assessment varied. Prevalence of “current” tobacco use among students and university teachers ranged from 29 to 37%; “lifetime” tobacco use in university teachers was 58% and “undefined” tobacco use in nonspecific adults and students ranged from 17 to 78%. Daily tobacco use among adults was reported as 17% whilst simultaneous tobacco and khat use was reported as between 14 and 30% in students. In conclusion, tobacco prevalence among khat users appears significant. Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to self-reported tobacco use, diversity in questions assessing tobacco use, and type of tobacco consumption. Future research should address the methodological shortcomings identified in this review before appropriate policy interventions can be developed.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4529904
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2015
publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-45299042015-08-13 The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review Kassim, Saba Jawad, Mohammed Croucher, Ray Akl, Elie A. Biomed Res Int Review Article Khat, an “amphetamine-like green leaf,” may influence the consumption of tobacco. This study reviews the epidemiology of tobacco use among khat users. Electronic database searches using appropriate keywords/terms were conducted to identify observational studies of khat use. Assessment of quality and risk of bias of all included studies was conducted, and the results were synthesised descriptively. Nine eligible cross-sectional studies were identified. All assessed self-reported tobacco among khat users and were carried out in Africa and the Middle East. Eight reported cigarettes and one reported waterpipes as the mode of use. Methods of tobacco use prevalence assessment varied. Prevalence of “current” tobacco use among students and university teachers ranged from 29 to 37%; “lifetime” tobacco use in university teachers was 58% and “undefined” tobacco use in nonspecific adults and students ranged from 17 to 78%. Daily tobacco use among adults was reported as 17% whilst simultaneous tobacco and khat use was reported as between 14 and 30% in students. In conclusion, tobacco prevalence among khat users appears significant. Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to self-reported tobacco use, diversity in questions assessing tobacco use, and type of tobacco consumption. Future research should address the methodological shortcomings identified in this review before appropriate policy interventions can be developed. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4529904/ /pubmed/26273606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/313692 Text en Copyright © 2015 Saba Kassim et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kassim, Saba
Jawad, Mohammed
Croucher, Ray
Akl, Elie A.
The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review
title The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review
title_full The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review
title_short The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review
title_sort epidemiology of tobacco use among khat users: a systematic review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529904/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273606
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/313692
work_keys_str_mv AT kassimsaba theepidemiologyoftobaccouseamongkhatusersasystematicreview
AT jawadmohammed theepidemiologyoftobaccouseamongkhatusersasystematicreview
AT croucherray theepidemiologyoftobaccouseamongkhatusersasystematicreview
AT akleliea theepidemiologyoftobaccouseamongkhatusersasystematicreview
AT kassimsaba epidemiologyoftobaccouseamongkhatusersasystematicreview
AT jawadmohammed epidemiologyoftobaccouseamongkhatusersasystematicreview
AT croucherray epidemiologyoftobaccouseamongkhatusersasystematicreview
AT akleliea epidemiologyoftobaccouseamongkhatusersasystematicreview