Cargando…

GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress responsive cytokine. It is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in normal and pathological condition. GDF-15 increases during tissue injury and inflammatory states and is...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Adela, Ramu, Banerjee, Sanjay K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4530250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273671
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/490842
_version_ 1782384883913457664
author Adela, Ramu
Banerjee, Sanjay K.
author_facet Adela, Ramu
Banerjee, Sanjay K.
author_sort Adela, Ramu
collection PubMed
description Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress responsive cytokine. It is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in normal and pathological condition. GDF-15 increases during tissue injury and inflammatory states and is associated with cardiometabolic risk. Increased GDF-15 levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases in diabetes. Increased GDF-15 level is linked with the progression and prognosis of the disease condition. Age, smoking, and environmental factors are other risk factors that may increase GDF-15 level. Most of the scientific studies reported that GDF-15 plays a protective role in different tissues. However, few reports show that the deficiency of GDF-15 is beneficial against vascular injury and inflammation. GDF-15 protects heart, adipose tissue, and endothelial cells by inhibiting JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), Bad (Bcl-2-associated death promoter), and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and activating Smad, eNOS, PI3K, and AKT signaling pathways. The present review describes the different animal and clinical studies and patent updates of GDF-15 in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is a challenge for the scientific community to use GDF-15 information for patient monitoring, clinical decision-making, and replacement of current treatment strategies for diabetic and cardiovascular diseases.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4530250
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2015
publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-45302502015-08-13 GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective Adela, Ramu Banerjee, Sanjay K. J Diabetes Res Review Article Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress responsive cytokine. It is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in normal and pathological condition. GDF-15 increases during tissue injury and inflammatory states and is associated with cardiometabolic risk. Increased GDF-15 levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases in diabetes. Increased GDF-15 level is linked with the progression and prognosis of the disease condition. Age, smoking, and environmental factors are other risk factors that may increase GDF-15 level. Most of the scientific studies reported that GDF-15 plays a protective role in different tissues. However, few reports show that the deficiency of GDF-15 is beneficial against vascular injury and inflammation. GDF-15 protects heart, adipose tissue, and endothelial cells by inhibiting JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), Bad (Bcl-2-associated death promoter), and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and activating Smad, eNOS, PI3K, and AKT signaling pathways. The present review describes the different animal and clinical studies and patent updates of GDF-15 in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is a challenge for the scientific community to use GDF-15 information for patient monitoring, clinical decision-making, and replacement of current treatment strategies for diabetic and cardiovascular diseases. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4530250/ /pubmed/26273671 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/490842 Text en Copyright © 2015 R. Adela and S. K. Banerjee. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Adela, Ramu
Banerjee, Sanjay K.
GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective
title GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective
title_full GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective
title_fullStr GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective
title_full_unstemmed GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective
title_short GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective
title_sort gdf-15 as a target and biomarker for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a translational prospective
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4530250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273671
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/490842
work_keys_str_mv AT adelaramu gdf15asatargetandbiomarkerfordiabetesandcardiovasculardiseasesatranslationalprospective
AT banerjeesanjayk gdf15asatargetandbiomarkerfordiabetesandcardiovasculardiseasesatranslationalprospective