Association of the Apolipoprotein E polymorphism with migraine: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene has been reported to be associated with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), but the results are conflicting. This study aimed to evaluate the association of ApoE with migraine by a meta-analysis. METHODS: MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify eligible studies published in English from 2000 to 2014. Data were extracted using standardized forms. The association was assessed by relative risk (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed or random effects model. RESULTS: Four studies, comprising 649 migraineurs, 229 TTH subjects and 975 controls, met all the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. No significant difference was found comparing genotypic and allelic frequencies in the case of migraineurs versus controls and TTH subjects versus controls. Only when migraineurs and TTH subjects were considered as a whole group, ApoE4 was found to increase the relative risk of headache by 1.48 (95 % CI 1.16, 1.90; P = 0.002), compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: ApoE ε4 allele is not associated with migraine susceptibility, but is positively related to headache (including migraine and TTH).