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Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi

BACKGROUND: Lyme borreliosis is a disease transmitted by ticks to mammals, especially in horses and humans. Caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, it can result in lameness, arthritis, carditis, dermatitis and neurological signs. Anaphylactoid reactions are severe responses caused by direct ac...

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Autores principales: Basile, Roberta Carvalho, Rivera, Gabriela Gomes, Del Rio, Lara Antoniassi, de Bonis, Talissa Camargo Mantovani, do Amaral, Gabriel Paiva Domingues, Giangrecco, Edson, Ferraz, Guilherme, Yoshinari, Natalino Hajime, Canola, Paulo Aléscio, Queiroz Neto, Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26265349
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6
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author Basile, Roberta Carvalho
Rivera, Gabriela Gomes
Del Rio, Lara Antoniassi
de Bonis, Talissa Camargo Mantovani
do Amaral, Gabriel Paiva Domingues
Giangrecco, Edson
Ferraz, Guilherme
Yoshinari, Natalino Hajime
Canola, Paulo Aléscio
Queiroz Neto, Antonio
author_facet Basile, Roberta Carvalho
Rivera, Gabriela Gomes
Del Rio, Lara Antoniassi
de Bonis, Talissa Camargo Mantovani
do Amaral, Gabriel Paiva Domingues
Giangrecco, Edson
Ferraz, Guilherme
Yoshinari, Natalino Hajime
Canola, Paulo Aléscio
Queiroz Neto, Antonio
author_sort Basile, Roberta Carvalho
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Lyme borreliosis is a disease transmitted by ticks to mammals, especially in horses and humans. Caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, it can result in lameness, arthritis, carditis, dermatitis and neurological signs. Anaphylactoid reactions are severe responses caused by direct action of substances (drugs, toxins), which can pose risks to life. Still poorly documented in horses, these reactions are caused by the effects of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, kinins and arachidonic acid metabolites. The last two are the most clinically relevant for the species. CASE PRESENTATION: The simultaneous occurrence of anaphylactoid reaction in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi undergoing intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone sodium is reported. It was administered 4.7 × 10(8) spirochetes intradermal and subcutaneous applications in both horses to evaluate clinical aspects of the Lyme disease, 95 days before the application of sodium ceftriaxone. During the administration, one horse (a gelding) showed immediate and severe anaphylactoid symptoms such as urticaria, dyspnea, tachycardia, and eyelid edema, which were controlled by injecting dexamethasone. After 1 day, it expressed signs of abdominal discomfort, caused by severe bloat, which was treated surgically via celiotomy. Subsequently, this gelding had piroplasmosis and severe anemia, requiring treatment with an antimicrobial and blood transfusion. Second horse (a mare) showed signs of hypotension during the application of the antibiotic, which disappeared only when the application was interrupted. Days after the event, the mare developed moderate large colon bloat, which was treated with medication only. Subsequently the mare was evolved into the prodromal phase of laminitis in one of the forelimbs, which was treated for 10 days with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and rheology modifying drugs and cryotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: From the two cases presented here, it does appear that sodium ceftriaxone can induce anaphylactoid reactions in horses infected by Borrelia burgdorferi, which may evolve into colic syndrome, laminitis and the occurrence of opportunistic infections. However, further evidence should be collected in order to draw definite conclusions.
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spelling pubmed-45341102015-08-13 Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi Basile, Roberta Carvalho Rivera, Gabriela Gomes Del Rio, Lara Antoniassi de Bonis, Talissa Camargo Mantovani do Amaral, Gabriel Paiva Domingues Giangrecco, Edson Ferraz, Guilherme Yoshinari, Natalino Hajime Canola, Paulo Aléscio Queiroz Neto, Antonio BMC Vet Res Case Report BACKGROUND: Lyme borreliosis is a disease transmitted by ticks to mammals, especially in horses and humans. Caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, it can result in lameness, arthritis, carditis, dermatitis and neurological signs. Anaphylactoid reactions are severe responses caused by direct action of substances (drugs, toxins), which can pose risks to life. Still poorly documented in horses, these reactions are caused by the effects of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, kinins and arachidonic acid metabolites. The last two are the most clinically relevant for the species. CASE PRESENTATION: The simultaneous occurrence of anaphylactoid reaction in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi undergoing intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone sodium is reported. It was administered 4.7 × 10(8) spirochetes intradermal and subcutaneous applications in both horses to evaluate clinical aspects of the Lyme disease, 95 days before the application of sodium ceftriaxone. During the administration, one horse (a gelding) showed immediate and severe anaphylactoid symptoms such as urticaria, dyspnea, tachycardia, and eyelid edema, which were controlled by injecting dexamethasone. After 1 day, it expressed signs of abdominal discomfort, caused by severe bloat, which was treated surgically via celiotomy. Subsequently, this gelding had piroplasmosis and severe anemia, requiring treatment with an antimicrobial and blood transfusion. Second horse (a mare) showed signs of hypotension during the application of the antibiotic, which disappeared only when the application was interrupted. Days after the event, the mare developed moderate large colon bloat, which was treated with medication only. Subsequently the mare was evolved into the prodromal phase of laminitis in one of the forelimbs, which was treated for 10 days with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and rheology modifying drugs and cryotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: From the two cases presented here, it does appear that sodium ceftriaxone can induce anaphylactoid reactions in horses infected by Borrelia burgdorferi, which may evolve into colic syndrome, laminitis and the occurrence of opportunistic infections. However, further evidence should be collected in order to draw definite conclusions. BioMed Central 2015-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4534110/ /pubmed/26265349 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6 Text en © Basile et al. 2015 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Case Report
Basile, Roberta Carvalho
Rivera, Gabriela Gomes
Del Rio, Lara Antoniassi
de Bonis, Talissa Camargo Mantovani
do Amaral, Gabriel Paiva Domingues
Giangrecco, Edson
Ferraz, Guilherme
Yoshinari, Natalino Hajime
Canola, Paulo Aléscio
Queiroz Neto, Antonio
Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi
title Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi
title_full Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi
title_fullStr Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi
title_full_unstemmed Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi
title_short Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi
title_sort anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by borrelia burgdorferi
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26265349
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6
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