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Reducing Human-Tsetse Contact Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Sleeping Sickness Active Screening Campaigns: A Promising Result in the Context of Elimination

BACKGROUND: Control of gambiense sleeping sickness, a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination by 2020, relies mainly on mass screening of populations at risk and treatment of cases. This strategy is however challenged by the existence of undetected reservoirs of parasites that contribute...

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Autores principales: Courtin, Fabrice, Camara, Mamadou, Rayaisse, Jean-Baptiste, Kagbadouno, Moise, Dama, Emilie, Camara, Oumou, Traoré, Ibrahima S., Rouamba, Jérémi, Peylhard, Moana, Somda, Martin B., Leno, Mamadou, Lehane, Mike J., Torr, Steve J., Solano, Philippe, Jamonneau, Vincent, Bucheton, Bruno
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534387/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26267667
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003727
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author Courtin, Fabrice
Camara, Mamadou
Rayaisse, Jean-Baptiste
Kagbadouno, Moise
Dama, Emilie
Camara, Oumou
Traoré, Ibrahima S.
Rouamba, Jérémi
Peylhard, Moana
Somda, Martin B.
Leno, Mamadou
Lehane, Mike J.
Torr, Steve J.
Solano, Philippe
Jamonneau, Vincent
Bucheton, Bruno
author_facet Courtin, Fabrice
Camara, Mamadou
Rayaisse, Jean-Baptiste
Kagbadouno, Moise
Dama, Emilie
Camara, Oumou
Traoré, Ibrahima S.
Rouamba, Jérémi
Peylhard, Moana
Somda, Martin B.
Leno, Mamadou
Lehane, Mike J.
Torr, Steve J.
Solano, Philippe
Jamonneau, Vincent
Bucheton, Bruno
author_sort Courtin, Fabrice
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Control of gambiense sleeping sickness, a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination by 2020, relies mainly on mass screening of populations at risk and treatment of cases. This strategy is however challenged by the existence of undetected reservoirs of parasites that contribute to the maintenance of transmission. In this study, performed in the Boffa disease focus of Guinea, we evaluated the value of adding vector control to medical surveys and measured its impact on disease burden. METHODS: The focus was divided into two parts (screen and treat in the western part; screen and treat plus vector control in the eastern part) separated by the Rio Pongo river. Population census and baseline entomological data were collected from the entire focus at the beginning of the study and insecticide impregnated targets were deployed on the eastern bank only. Medical surveys were performed in both areas in 2012 and 2013. FINDINGS: In the vector control area, there was an 80% decrease in tsetse density, resulting in a significant decrease of human tsetse contacts, and a decrease of disease prevalence (from 0.3% to 0.1%; p=0.01), and an almost nil incidence of new infections (<0.1%). In contrast, incidence was 10 times higher in the area without vector control (>1%, p<0.0001) with a disease prevalence increasing slightly (from 0.5 to 0.7%, p=0.34). INTERPRETATION: Combining medical and vector control was decisive in reducing T. b. gambiense transmission and in speeding up progress towards elimination. Similar strategies could be applied in other foci.
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spelling pubmed-45343872015-08-24 Reducing Human-Tsetse Contact Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Sleeping Sickness Active Screening Campaigns: A Promising Result in the Context of Elimination Courtin, Fabrice Camara, Mamadou Rayaisse, Jean-Baptiste Kagbadouno, Moise Dama, Emilie Camara, Oumou Traoré, Ibrahima S. Rouamba, Jérémi Peylhard, Moana Somda, Martin B. Leno, Mamadou Lehane, Mike J. Torr, Steve J. Solano, Philippe Jamonneau, Vincent Bucheton, Bruno PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Control of gambiense sleeping sickness, a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination by 2020, relies mainly on mass screening of populations at risk and treatment of cases. This strategy is however challenged by the existence of undetected reservoirs of parasites that contribute to the maintenance of transmission. In this study, performed in the Boffa disease focus of Guinea, we evaluated the value of adding vector control to medical surveys and measured its impact on disease burden. METHODS: The focus was divided into two parts (screen and treat in the western part; screen and treat plus vector control in the eastern part) separated by the Rio Pongo river. Population census and baseline entomological data were collected from the entire focus at the beginning of the study and insecticide impregnated targets were deployed on the eastern bank only. Medical surveys were performed in both areas in 2012 and 2013. FINDINGS: In the vector control area, there was an 80% decrease in tsetse density, resulting in a significant decrease of human tsetse contacts, and a decrease of disease prevalence (from 0.3% to 0.1%; p=0.01), and an almost nil incidence of new infections (<0.1%). In contrast, incidence was 10 times higher in the area without vector control (>1%, p<0.0001) with a disease prevalence increasing slightly (from 0.5 to 0.7%, p=0.34). INTERPRETATION: Combining medical and vector control was decisive in reducing T. b. gambiense transmission and in speeding up progress towards elimination. Similar strategies could be applied in other foci. Public Library of Science 2015-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4534387/ /pubmed/26267667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003727 Text en © 2015 Courtin et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Courtin, Fabrice
Camara, Mamadou
Rayaisse, Jean-Baptiste
Kagbadouno, Moise
Dama, Emilie
Camara, Oumou
Traoré, Ibrahima S.
Rouamba, Jérémi
Peylhard, Moana
Somda, Martin B.
Leno, Mamadou
Lehane, Mike J.
Torr, Steve J.
Solano, Philippe
Jamonneau, Vincent
Bucheton, Bruno
Reducing Human-Tsetse Contact Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Sleeping Sickness Active Screening Campaigns: A Promising Result in the Context of Elimination
title Reducing Human-Tsetse Contact Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Sleeping Sickness Active Screening Campaigns: A Promising Result in the Context of Elimination
title_full Reducing Human-Tsetse Contact Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Sleeping Sickness Active Screening Campaigns: A Promising Result in the Context of Elimination
title_fullStr Reducing Human-Tsetse Contact Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Sleeping Sickness Active Screening Campaigns: A Promising Result in the Context of Elimination
title_full_unstemmed Reducing Human-Tsetse Contact Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Sleeping Sickness Active Screening Campaigns: A Promising Result in the Context of Elimination
title_short Reducing Human-Tsetse Contact Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Sleeping Sickness Active Screening Campaigns: A Promising Result in the Context of Elimination
title_sort reducing human-tsetse contact significantly enhances the efficacy of sleeping sickness active screening campaigns: a promising result in the context of elimination
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534387/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26267667
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003727
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