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Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva

Arachnida is the largest class among the arthropods, constituting over 60,000 described species (spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, palpigrades, pseudoscorpions, solpugids and harvestmen). Many accidents are caused by arachnids, especially spiders and scorpions, while some diseases can be transmitted...

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Autores principales: Cordeiro, Francielle A., Amorim, Fernanda G., Anjolette, Fernando A. P., Arantes, Eliane C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4535291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273285
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0028-5
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author Cordeiro, Francielle A.
Amorim, Fernanda G.
Anjolette, Fernando A. P.
Arantes, Eliane C.
author_facet Cordeiro, Francielle A.
Amorim, Fernanda G.
Anjolette, Fernando A. P.
Arantes, Eliane C.
author_sort Cordeiro, Francielle A.
collection PubMed
description Arachnida is the largest class among the arthropods, constituting over 60,000 described species (spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, palpigrades, pseudoscorpions, solpugids and harvestmen). Many accidents are caused by arachnids, especially spiders and scorpions, while some diseases can be transmitted by mites and ticks. These animals are widely dispersed in urban centers due to the large availability of shelter and food, increasing the incidence of accidents. Several protein and non-protein compounds present in the venom and saliva of these animals are responsible for symptoms observed in envenoming, exhibiting neurotoxic, dermonecrotic and hemorrhagic activities. The phylogenomic analysis from the complementary DNA of single-copy nuclear protein-coding genes shows that these animals share some common protein families known as neurotoxins, defensins, hyaluronidase, antimicrobial peptides, phospholipases and proteinases. This indicates that the venoms from these animals may present components with functional and structural similarities. Therefore, we described in this review the main components present in spider and scorpion venom as well as in tick saliva, since they have similar components. These three arachnids are responsible for many accidents of medical relevance in Brazil. Additionally, this study shows potential biotechnological applications of some components with important biological activities, which may motivate the conducting of further research studies on their action mechanisms.
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spelling pubmed-45352912015-08-14 Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva Cordeiro, Francielle A. Amorim, Fernanda G. Anjolette, Fernando A. P. Arantes, Eliane C. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis Review Arachnida is the largest class among the arthropods, constituting over 60,000 described species (spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, palpigrades, pseudoscorpions, solpugids and harvestmen). Many accidents are caused by arachnids, especially spiders and scorpions, while some diseases can be transmitted by mites and ticks. These animals are widely dispersed in urban centers due to the large availability of shelter and food, increasing the incidence of accidents. Several protein and non-protein compounds present in the venom and saliva of these animals are responsible for symptoms observed in envenoming, exhibiting neurotoxic, dermonecrotic and hemorrhagic activities. The phylogenomic analysis from the complementary DNA of single-copy nuclear protein-coding genes shows that these animals share some common protein families known as neurotoxins, defensins, hyaluronidase, antimicrobial peptides, phospholipases and proteinases. This indicates that the venoms from these animals may present components with functional and structural similarities. Therefore, we described in this review the main components present in spider and scorpion venom as well as in tick saliva, since they have similar components. These three arachnids are responsible for many accidents of medical relevance in Brazil. Additionally, this study shows potential biotechnological applications of some components with important biological activities, which may motivate the conducting of further research studies on their action mechanisms. BioMed Central 2015-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4535291/ /pubmed/26273285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0028-5 Text en © Cordeiro et al. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Cordeiro, Francielle A.
Amorim, Fernanda G.
Anjolette, Fernando A. P.
Arantes, Eliane C.
Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva
title Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva
title_full Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva
title_fullStr Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva
title_full_unstemmed Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva
title_short Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva
title_sort arachnids of medical importance in brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4535291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273285
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0028-5
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