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HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users
BACKGROUND: Although injection drug use drives antiretroviral drug resistance, the prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance among Kenyan IDUs remains undetermined. We, therefore, explored PI resistance mutations and their association with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-1 infected I...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4537595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26279669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12981-015-0070-y |
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author | Budambula, Valentine Musumba, Francis O. Webale, Mark K. Kahiga, Titus M. Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca Kiarie, James N. Sowayi, George A. Ahmed, Aabid A. Ouma, Collins Were, Tom |
author_facet | Budambula, Valentine Musumba, Francis O. Webale, Mark K. Kahiga, Titus M. Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca Kiarie, James N. Sowayi, George A. Ahmed, Aabid A. Ouma, Collins Were, Tom |
author_sort | Budambula, Valentine |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Although injection drug use drives antiretroviral drug resistance, the prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance among Kenyan IDUs remains undetermined. We, therefore, explored PI resistance mutations and their association with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-1 infected IDUs (ART-naive, n = 32; and -experienced, n = 47) and non-drug users (ART-naive, n = 21; and -experienced, n = 32) naive for PI treatment from coastal Kenya. RESULTS: Only IDUs harboured major PI resistance mutations consisting of L90M, M46I and D30 N among 3 (6.4 %) ART-experienced and 1 (3.1 %) -naive individuals. Minor PI mutations including A71T, G48E, G48R, I13V, K20I, K20R, L10I, L10V, L33F, L63P, T74S, V11I, and V32L were detected among the ART-experienced (36.2 vs. 46.9 %) and -naive (43.8 vs. 66.7 %) IDUs and non-drug users, respectively. All the four IDUs possessing major mutations had high viral load while three presented with CD4+ T cell counts of <500 cells/ml. Among the ART-naive non-drug users, CD4+ T cell counts were significantly lower in carriers of minor mutations compared to non-carriers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Transmitted drug resistance may occur in IDUs underscoring the need for genotyping resistance before initiating PI treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4537595 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45375952015-08-16 HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users Budambula, Valentine Musumba, Francis O. Webale, Mark K. Kahiga, Titus M. Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca Kiarie, James N. Sowayi, George A. Ahmed, Aabid A. Ouma, Collins Were, Tom AIDS Res Ther Research BACKGROUND: Although injection drug use drives antiretroviral drug resistance, the prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance among Kenyan IDUs remains undetermined. We, therefore, explored PI resistance mutations and their association with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-1 infected IDUs (ART-naive, n = 32; and -experienced, n = 47) and non-drug users (ART-naive, n = 21; and -experienced, n = 32) naive for PI treatment from coastal Kenya. RESULTS: Only IDUs harboured major PI resistance mutations consisting of L90M, M46I and D30 N among 3 (6.4 %) ART-experienced and 1 (3.1 %) -naive individuals. Minor PI mutations including A71T, G48E, G48R, I13V, K20I, K20R, L10I, L10V, L33F, L63P, T74S, V11I, and V32L were detected among the ART-experienced (36.2 vs. 46.9 %) and -naive (43.8 vs. 66.7 %) IDUs and non-drug users, respectively. All the four IDUs possessing major mutations had high viral load while three presented with CD4+ T cell counts of <500 cells/ml. Among the ART-naive non-drug users, CD4+ T cell counts were significantly lower in carriers of minor mutations compared to non-carriers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Transmitted drug resistance may occur in IDUs underscoring the need for genotyping resistance before initiating PI treatment. BioMed Central 2015-08-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4537595/ /pubmed/26279669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12981-015-0070-y Text en © Budambula et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Budambula, Valentine Musumba, Francis O. Webale, Mark K. Kahiga, Titus M. Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca Kiarie, James N. Sowayi, George A. Ahmed, Aabid A. Ouma, Collins Were, Tom HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users |
title | HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users |
title_full | HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users |
title_fullStr | HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users |
title_full_unstemmed | HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users |
title_short | HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users |
title_sort | hiv-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4537595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26279669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12981-015-0070-y |
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