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Follicular Helper CD4(+) T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models
Follicular helper CD4(+) T (TFH) cells play a fundamental role in humoral immunity deriving from their ability to provide help for germinal center (GC) formation, B cell differentiation into plasma cells and memory cells, and antibody production in secondary lymphoid tissues. TFH cells can be identi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4537760/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/638968 |
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author | Fan, Xueli Lin, Chenhong Han, Jinming Jiang, Xinmei Zhu, Jie Jin, Tao |
author_facet | Fan, Xueli Lin, Chenhong Han, Jinming Jiang, Xinmei Zhu, Jie Jin, Tao |
author_sort | Fan, Xueli |
collection | PubMed |
description | Follicular helper CD4(+) T (TFH) cells play a fundamental role in humoral immunity deriving from their ability to provide help for germinal center (GC) formation, B cell differentiation into plasma cells and memory cells, and antibody production in secondary lymphoid tissues. TFH cells can be identified by a combination of markers, including the chemokine receptor CXCR5, costimulatory molecules ICOS and PD-1, transcription repressor Bcl-6, and cytokine IL-21. It is difficult and impossible to get access to secondary lymphoid tissues in humans, so studies are usually performed with human peripheral blood samples as circulating counterparts of tissue TFH cells. A balance of TFH cell generation and function is critical for protective antibody response, whereas overactivation of TFH cells or overexpression of TFH-associated molecules may result in autoimmune diseases. Emerging data have shown that TFH cells and TFH-associated molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuroautoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO)/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myasthenia gravis (MG). This review summarizes the features of TFH cells, including their development, function, and roles as well as TFH-associated molecules in neuroautoimmune diseases and their animal models. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4537760 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45377602015-08-23 Follicular Helper CD4(+) T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models Fan, Xueli Lin, Chenhong Han, Jinming Jiang, Xinmei Zhu, Jie Jin, Tao Mediators Inflamm Review Article Follicular helper CD4(+) T (TFH) cells play a fundamental role in humoral immunity deriving from their ability to provide help for germinal center (GC) formation, B cell differentiation into plasma cells and memory cells, and antibody production in secondary lymphoid tissues. TFH cells can be identified by a combination of markers, including the chemokine receptor CXCR5, costimulatory molecules ICOS and PD-1, transcription repressor Bcl-6, and cytokine IL-21. It is difficult and impossible to get access to secondary lymphoid tissues in humans, so studies are usually performed with human peripheral blood samples as circulating counterparts of tissue TFH cells. A balance of TFH cell generation and function is critical for protective antibody response, whereas overactivation of TFH cells or overexpression of TFH-associated molecules may result in autoimmune diseases. Emerging data have shown that TFH cells and TFH-associated molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuroautoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO)/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myasthenia gravis (MG). This review summarizes the features of TFH cells, including their development, function, and roles as well as TFH-associated molecules in neuroautoimmune diseases and their animal models. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4537760/ /pubmed/26300592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/638968 Text en Copyright © 2015 Xueli Fan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Fan, Xueli Lin, Chenhong Han, Jinming Jiang, Xinmei Zhu, Jie Jin, Tao Follicular Helper CD4(+) T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models |
title | Follicular Helper CD4(+) T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models |
title_full | Follicular Helper CD4(+) T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models |
title_fullStr | Follicular Helper CD4(+) T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models |
title_full_unstemmed | Follicular Helper CD4(+) T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models |
title_short | Follicular Helper CD4(+) T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models |
title_sort | follicular helper cd4(+) t cells in human neuroautoimmune diseases and their animal models |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4537760/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/638968 |
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