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Ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the “Roof of the World”
The often extraordinary shell forms and shapes of gastropods found in palaeolakes, such as the highly diverse Gyraulus fauna of the famous Steinheim Basin, have been puzzling evolutionary biologists for centuries, and there is an ongoing debate whether these aberrant shell forms are indicative of tr...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26306180 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1586 |
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author | Clewing, Catharina Riedel, Frank Wilke, Thomas Albrecht, Christian |
author_facet | Clewing, Catharina Riedel, Frank Wilke, Thomas Albrecht, Christian |
author_sort | Clewing, Catharina |
collection | PubMed |
description | The often extraordinary shell forms and shapes of gastropods found in palaeolakes, such as the highly diverse Gyraulus fauna of the famous Steinheim Basin, have been puzzling evolutionary biologists for centuries, and there is an ongoing debate whether these aberrant shell forms are indicative of true species (or subspecies) or ecophenotypic morphs. Interestingly, one of the Steinheim Gyraulus morphs – a corkscrew-like open-coiled shell – has a recent analogue in the Lake Bangong drainage system on the western Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, a combination of morphological, molecular, palaeolimnological, and ecological analyses was used in this study to assess whether the extraordinary shell shape in Gyraulus sp. from this drainage system represents a (young) ecophenotypic phenomenon or if it has been genetically fixed over an extended period of time. Our morphological, ecological, and palaeolimnological data suggest that the corkscrew-like specimens remain restricted to a small pond near Lake Bangong with an elevated pH value and that the colonization may have occurred recently. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on two gene fragments shows that these nonplanispiral specimens cluster within the previous described Tibetan Plateau Gyraulus clade N2. A network analysis indicates that some haplotypes are even shared by planispiral and nonplanispiral specimens. Given the ephemerality of the phenomenon, the compact network patterns inferred, the likely young phylogenetic age of the aberrant Gyraulus shells studied, and the ecological peculiarities of the study site, we suggest that the evolution of the aberrant shell forms on the Tibetan Plateau could likely be considered as a rapid ecophenotypic response, possibly induced by ecological stress. This finding may thus have implications for the ongoing debate about the processes that have caused the extraordinary shell diversity in palaeolakes such as the Steinheim Basin. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4541999 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45419992015-08-24 Ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the “Roof of the World” Clewing, Catharina Riedel, Frank Wilke, Thomas Albrecht, Christian Ecol Evol Original Research The often extraordinary shell forms and shapes of gastropods found in palaeolakes, such as the highly diverse Gyraulus fauna of the famous Steinheim Basin, have been puzzling evolutionary biologists for centuries, and there is an ongoing debate whether these aberrant shell forms are indicative of true species (or subspecies) or ecophenotypic morphs. Interestingly, one of the Steinheim Gyraulus morphs – a corkscrew-like open-coiled shell – has a recent analogue in the Lake Bangong drainage system on the western Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, a combination of morphological, molecular, palaeolimnological, and ecological analyses was used in this study to assess whether the extraordinary shell shape in Gyraulus sp. from this drainage system represents a (young) ecophenotypic phenomenon or if it has been genetically fixed over an extended period of time. Our morphological, ecological, and palaeolimnological data suggest that the corkscrew-like specimens remain restricted to a small pond near Lake Bangong with an elevated pH value and that the colonization may have occurred recently. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on two gene fragments shows that these nonplanispiral specimens cluster within the previous described Tibetan Plateau Gyraulus clade N2. A network analysis indicates that some haplotypes are even shared by planispiral and nonplanispiral specimens. Given the ephemerality of the phenomenon, the compact network patterns inferred, the likely young phylogenetic age of the aberrant Gyraulus shells studied, and the ecological peculiarities of the study site, we suggest that the evolution of the aberrant shell forms on the Tibetan Plateau could likely be considered as a rapid ecophenotypic response, possibly induced by ecological stress. This finding may thus have implications for the ongoing debate about the processes that have caused the extraordinary shell diversity in palaeolakes such as the Steinheim Basin. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2015-07 2015-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4541999/ /pubmed/26306180 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1586 Text en © 2015 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Clewing, Catharina Riedel, Frank Wilke, Thomas Albrecht, Christian Ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the “Roof of the World” |
title | Ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the “Roof of the World” |
title_full | Ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the “Roof of the World” |
title_fullStr | Ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the “Roof of the World” |
title_full_unstemmed | Ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the “Roof of the World” |
title_short | Ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the “Roof of the World” |
title_sort | ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the “roof of the world” |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26306180 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1586 |
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