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Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of mouthrinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium fluoride

BACKGROUND: Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and sodium fluoride augment oral hygiene by inactivating bacteria and inhibiting enamel demineralisation, respectively. However, there are few reports in the literature documenting the antibacterial efficacy of their combined use in mouthrinses. We have use...

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Autores principales: Latimer, Joe, Munday, Jodie L, Buzza, Kara M, Forbes, Sarah, Sreenivasan, Prem K, McBain, Andrew J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546200/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293609
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0501-x
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author Latimer, Joe
Munday, Jodie L
Buzza, Kara M
Forbes, Sarah
Sreenivasan, Prem K
McBain, Andrew J
author_facet Latimer, Joe
Munday, Jodie L
Buzza, Kara M
Forbes, Sarah
Sreenivasan, Prem K
McBain, Andrew J
author_sort Latimer, Joe
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and sodium fluoride augment oral hygiene by inactivating bacteria and inhibiting enamel demineralisation, respectively. However, there are few reports in the literature documenting the antibacterial efficacy of their combined use in mouthrinses. We have used six experimental systems to compare the antibacterial effects of mouthrinses containing 0.075 % CPC (test rinse, TR) or 0.075 % CPC with sodium fluoride (test fluoride rinse, TFR). RESULTS: Effects against planktonic bacteria were determined using viable counting (for Streptococcus mutans and salivary bacteria), a redox dye (for Actinomyces viscosus and salivary bacteria) and viable counting (for ex vivo oral rinses). Effects against saliva-derived biofilms were quantified using confocal microscopy and differential viable counting. Inhibition of biofilm formation was evaluated by pre-treating hydroxyapatite coupons with mouthrinses prior to inoculation. Otherwise-identical controls without CPC (control rinse and control fluoride rinse, CR and CFR, respectively), were included throughout. Compared to the controls, TFR and TR demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects in the redox assays, by viable counts (>3 log reductions) and in oral rinse samples (>1.25 log reductions, p < 0.05). TFR and TR also significantly reduced the viability of oral biofilms. Pre-treatment of hydroxyapatite with TFR and TR significantly inhibited biofilm formation (>3 log difference, p < 0.05). Overall, there were no consistent differences in the activities of TR and TFR. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium fluoride did not influence the antibacterial and anti-biofilm potency of CPC-containing formulations, supporting the combined use of CPC and sodium fluoride in mouthrinses to control oral bacteria and protect tooth enamel.
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spelling pubmed-45462002015-08-23 Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of mouthrinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium fluoride Latimer, Joe Munday, Jodie L Buzza, Kara M Forbes, Sarah Sreenivasan, Prem K McBain, Andrew J BMC Microbiol Research Article BACKGROUND: Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and sodium fluoride augment oral hygiene by inactivating bacteria and inhibiting enamel demineralisation, respectively. However, there are few reports in the literature documenting the antibacterial efficacy of their combined use in mouthrinses. We have used six experimental systems to compare the antibacterial effects of mouthrinses containing 0.075 % CPC (test rinse, TR) or 0.075 % CPC with sodium fluoride (test fluoride rinse, TFR). RESULTS: Effects against planktonic bacteria were determined using viable counting (for Streptococcus mutans and salivary bacteria), a redox dye (for Actinomyces viscosus and salivary bacteria) and viable counting (for ex vivo oral rinses). Effects against saliva-derived biofilms were quantified using confocal microscopy and differential viable counting. Inhibition of biofilm formation was evaluated by pre-treating hydroxyapatite coupons with mouthrinses prior to inoculation. Otherwise-identical controls without CPC (control rinse and control fluoride rinse, CR and CFR, respectively), were included throughout. Compared to the controls, TFR and TR demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects in the redox assays, by viable counts (>3 log reductions) and in oral rinse samples (>1.25 log reductions, p < 0.05). TFR and TR also significantly reduced the viability of oral biofilms. Pre-treatment of hydroxyapatite with TFR and TR significantly inhibited biofilm formation (>3 log difference, p < 0.05). Overall, there were no consistent differences in the activities of TR and TFR. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium fluoride did not influence the antibacterial and anti-biofilm potency of CPC-containing formulations, supporting the combined use of CPC and sodium fluoride in mouthrinses to control oral bacteria and protect tooth enamel. BioMed Central 2015-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4546200/ /pubmed/26293609 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0501-x Text en © Latimer et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Latimer, Joe
Munday, Jodie L
Buzza, Kara M
Forbes, Sarah
Sreenivasan, Prem K
McBain, Andrew J
Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of mouthrinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium fluoride
title Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of mouthrinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium fluoride
title_full Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of mouthrinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium fluoride
title_fullStr Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of mouthrinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium fluoride
title_full_unstemmed Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of mouthrinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium fluoride
title_short Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of mouthrinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium fluoride
title_sort antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of mouthrinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium fluoride
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546200/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293609
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0501-x
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