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Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead
BACKGROUND: In the 21(st) century, we live longer and a more active life. However, while our adult longevity continues to extend, society does not welcome a tired and aged appearance. We wish to continue to look as young as possible. Most facial rejuvenation techniques such as surgery and injection...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4547441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26312226 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.161227 |
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author | Sunil, Sathigrama Malegowda Babu, B. Ganesh Deepthi, Soma Veerabhadrappa, Anusha Channabasappa Vadavadagi, Suneel V. Punde, Prashant |
author_facet | Sunil, Sathigrama Malegowda Babu, B. Ganesh Deepthi, Soma Veerabhadrappa, Anusha Channabasappa Vadavadagi, Suneel V. Punde, Prashant |
author_sort | Sunil, Sathigrama Malegowda |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In the 21(st) century, we live longer and a more active life. However, while our adult longevity continues to extend, society does not welcome a tired and aged appearance. We wish to continue to look as young as possible. Most facial rejuvenation techniques such as surgery and injection of collagen, silicone, or autogenous fat do not address the fact that these lines are functional, i.e. they do not target the cause of hyperfunctional lines: the underlying facial mimetic musculature. AIM: To find the efficacy of Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study consisted of 25 subjects in the age group of 25–65 years with forehead wrinkles, who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CIDS, Virajpet. The materials used for Botulinum toxin treatment were Botulinum toxin A, a standard freezer, sterile saline solution, alcohol swabs, and insulin syringes with 30 gauge needles. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients, 21 patients showed satisfactory improvement of their hyperfunctional facial lines within 72 h. Maximum improvement was noted in the age group of 25–40 years, while the older age group of 50–65 years showed less improvement. Maximum improvement was seen in type 5 skin, followed by type 4 and type 3 skin. Type 2 skin showed the least improvement. CONCLUSION: We conclude that Botulinum toxin A is a safe and efficacious method of nonsurgically eliminating hyperfunctional facial lines of the forehead in the aesthetic patient for a period of 4–6 months. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4547441 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45474412015-08-26 Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead Sunil, Sathigrama Malegowda Babu, B. Ganesh Deepthi, Soma Veerabhadrappa, Anusha Channabasappa Vadavadagi, Suneel V. Punde, Prashant J Int Soc Prev Community Dent Original Article BACKGROUND: In the 21(st) century, we live longer and a more active life. However, while our adult longevity continues to extend, society does not welcome a tired and aged appearance. We wish to continue to look as young as possible. Most facial rejuvenation techniques such as surgery and injection of collagen, silicone, or autogenous fat do not address the fact that these lines are functional, i.e. they do not target the cause of hyperfunctional lines: the underlying facial mimetic musculature. AIM: To find the efficacy of Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study consisted of 25 subjects in the age group of 25–65 years with forehead wrinkles, who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CIDS, Virajpet. The materials used for Botulinum toxin treatment were Botulinum toxin A, a standard freezer, sterile saline solution, alcohol swabs, and insulin syringes with 30 gauge needles. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients, 21 patients showed satisfactory improvement of their hyperfunctional facial lines within 72 h. Maximum improvement was noted in the age group of 25–40 years, while the older age group of 50–65 years showed less improvement. Maximum improvement was seen in type 5 skin, followed by type 4 and type 3 skin. Type 2 skin showed the least improvement. CONCLUSION: We conclude that Botulinum toxin A is a safe and efficacious method of nonsurgically eliminating hyperfunctional facial lines of the forehead in the aesthetic patient for a period of 4–6 months. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4547441/ /pubmed/26312226 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.161227 Text en Copyright: © Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Sunil, Sathigrama Malegowda Babu, B. Ganesh Deepthi, Soma Veerabhadrappa, Anusha Channabasappa Vadavadagi, Suneel V. Punde, Prashant Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead |
title | Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead |
title_full | Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead |
title_fullStr | Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead |
title_full_unstemmed | Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead |
title_short | Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead |
title_sort | botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the forehead |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4547441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26312226 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.161227 |
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