Cargando…
A review of pharmaceutical policies in response to economic crises and sanctions
An economic crisis has been defined as a situation in which the scale of a country's economy becomes smaller in a period of time. Economic crises happen for various reasons, including economic sanctions. Economic crises in a country may affect national priorities for investment and expenditure...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4548429/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26312250 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2279-042X.162361 |
_version_ | 1782387191299702784 |
---|---|
author | Kheirandish, Mehrnaz Rashidian, Arash Kebriaeezade, Abbas Cheraghali, Abdol Majid Soleymani, Fatemeh |
author_facet | Kheirandish, Mehrnaz Rashidian, Arash Kebriaeezade, Abbas Cheraghali, Abdol Majid Soleymani, Fatemeh |
author_sort | Kheirandish, Mehrnaz |
collection | PubMed |
description | An economic crisis has been defined as a situation in which the scale of a country's economy becomes smaller in a period of time. Economic crises happen for various reasons, including economic sanctions. Economic crises in a country may affect national priorities for investment and expenditure and reduce available resources, and hence may affect the health care sector including access to medicines. We reviewed the pharmaceutical policies that the countries adopted in order to mitigate the potential negative effects on access to medicines. We reviewed published reports and articles after conducting a comprehensive search of the PubMed and the Google Scholar. After extracting relevant data from the identified articles, we used the World Health Organization (WHO) access to medicines framework as a guide for the categorization of the policies. We identified a total of 40 studies, of which 10 reported the national pharmaceutical policies adopted to reduce the negative impacts of economic crises on access to medicines in high-income and middle-income countries. We identified 89 policies adopted in the 11 countries and categorized them into 12 distinct policy directions. Most of the policies focused on financial aspects of the pharmaceutical sector. In some cases, countries adopted policies that potentially had negative effects on access to medicines. Only Italy had adopted policies encompassing all four accesses to medicine factors recommended by the WHO. While the countries have adopted many seemingly effective policies, little evidence exists on the effectiveness of these policies to improve access to medicines at a time of an economic crisis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4548429 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45484292015-08-26 A review of pharmaceutical policies in response to economic crises and sanctions Kheirandish, Mehrnaz Rashidian, Arash Kebriaeezade, Abbas Cheraghali, Abdol Majid Soleymani, Fatemeh J Res Pharm Pract Review Article An economic crisis has been defined as a situation in which the scale of a country's economy becomes smaller in a period of time. Economic crises happen for various reasons, including economic sanctions. Economic crises in a country may affect national priorities for investment and expenditure and reduce available resources, and hence may affect the health care sector including access to medicines. We reviewed the pharmaceutical policies that the countries adopted in order to mitigate the potential negative effects on access to medicines. We reviewed published reports and articles after conducting a comprehensive search of the PubMed and the Google Scholar. After extracting relevant data from the identified articles, we used the World Health Organization (WHO) access to medicines framework as a guide for the categorization of the policies. We identified a total of 40 studies, of which 10 reported the national pharmaceutical policies adopted to reduce the negative impacts of economic crises on access to medicines in high-income and middle-income countries. We identified 89 policies adopted in the 11 countries and categorized them into 12 distinct policy directions. Most of the policies focused on financial aspects of the pharmaceutical sector. In some cases, countries adopted policies that potentially had negative effects on access to medicines. Only Italy had adopted policies encompassing all four accesses to medicine factors recommended by the WHO. While the countries have adopted many seemingly effective policies, little evidence exists on the effectiveness of these policies to improve access to medicines at a time of an economic crisis. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4548429/ /pubmed/26312250 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2279-042X.162361 Text en Copyright: © Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Kheirandish, Mehrnaz Rashidian, Arash Kebriaeezade, Abbas Cheraghali, Abdol Majid Soleymani, Fatemeh A review of pharmaceutical policies in response to economic crises and sanctions |
title | A review of pharmaceutical policies in response to economic crises and sanctions |
title_full | A review of pharmaceutical policies in response to economic crises and sanctions |
title_fullStr | A review of pharmaceutical policies in response to economic crises and sanctions |
title_full_unstemmed | A review of pharmaceutical policies in response to economic crises and sanctions |
title_short | A review of pharmaceutical policies in response to economic crises and sanctions |
title_sort | review of pharmaceutical policies in response to economic crises and sanctions |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4548429/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26312250 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2279-042X.162361 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kheirandishmehrnaz areviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions AT rashidianarash areviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions AT kebriaeezadeabbas areviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions AT cheraghaliabdolmajid areviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions AT soleymanifatemeh areviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions AT kheirandishmehrnaz reviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions AT rashidianarash reviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions AT kebriaeezadeabbas reviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions AT cheraghaliabdolmajid reviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions AT soleymanifatemeh reviewofpharmaceuticalpoliciesinresponsetoeconomiccrisesandsanctions |