Single posterior approach for circumferential decompression and anterior reconstruction using cervical trabecular metal mesh cage in patients with metastatic spinal tumour

BACKGROUND: The goal of surgical management of metastatic spinal tumours is to remove the tumour mass, restore spinal stability and alignment, and provide a better quality of life. A single posterior transpedicular approach, with circumferential decompression, for anterior reconstruction has been advocated to reduce the risk of complication and morbidity associated with a combined anterior-posterior approach. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent a single posterior approach for anterior reconstruction at our institution to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach, including the use of a cervical trabecular metal (TM) mesh cage as a vertebral body replacer. As a secondary aim, we evaluated the effect of accumulated experience with the surgical approach on clinical outcomes. METHODS: Twenty consecutive cases of single posterior approach were identified from a retrospective review of spinal surgeries performed at our institution between January 2009 and December 2012. Information on the following clinical outcomes was retrieved from the medical charts for analysis: visual analogue pain score (VAS); neurological status, classified on the Frankel scale; vertebral body reconstruction; spinal alignment, using Cobb’s angle; operative time; volume of blood loss; complications; and the modified Brodsky criteria score, which was used to classify functional recovery as excellent, good, fair, or poor. RESULTS: Pre- to post-surgical evaluation of outcomes demonstrated a significant decrease in pain (p < 0.001), improved spinal alignment, with a mean correction angle of 12° (range, 3°–29°), and higher Frankel score (p < 0.001). No severe complications were identified, including deep surgical infection or neurologic deterioration. Eighteen patients achieved good to excellent outcomes, based on the modified Brodsky criteria (p < 0.001), with two patients dying within 9 and 11 months of their surgery. Accumulated surgical experience reduced operative time and intraoperative blood loss (p ≤ 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: A single posterior approach provided good to excellent clinical and functional outcomes. Based on this evidence, we propose that a posterior approach provides a feasible alternative to the combined posterior-anterior approach for managing patients with metastatic spinal tumours.