Epithelial Dysplasia in Ameloblastic Fibrosarcoma Arising from Recurrent Ameloblastic Fibroma in a 26-Year-Old Iranian Man

Patient: Male, 26 Final Diagnosis: Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma Symptoms: Swelling Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Hemimandibulectomy Specialty: Dentistry OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor with a mesenchymal component, showing sarcomatous features and epithelial nests resembling ameloblastic fibroma (AF). CASE REPORT: We report a case of AFS showing epithelial dysplasia arising in a recurrent AF in the left mandible after 3 years in a 26-year-old man, which is regarded as an uncommon histopathologic finding in AFS. We also emphasize the comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic evaluation, and immunohistochemical staining of this patient. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that it is important to consider malignancy alternations in the epithelial component of AFS, along with that of the mesenchymal component, to provide a proper diagnosis and treatment of recurrent AF.