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The Principal Components of Adult Female Insole Shape Align Closely with Two of Its Classic Indicators
The plantar surface of the human foot transmits the weight and dynamic force of the owner’s lower limbs to the ground and the reaction forces back to the musculoskeletal system. Its anatomical variation is intensely studied in such fields as sports medicine and orthopedic dysmorphology. Yet, strange...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550427/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308442 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133303 |
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author | Bookstein, Fred L. Domjanic, Jacqueline |
author_facet | Bookstein, Fred L. Domjanic, Jacqueline |
author_sort | Bookstein, Fred L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The plantar surface of the human foot transmits the weight and dynamic force of the owner’s lower limbs to the ground and the reaction forces back to the musculoskeletal system. Its anatomical variation is intensely studied in such fields as sports medicine and orthopedic dysmorphology. Yet, strangely, the shape of the insole that accommodates this surface and elastically buffers these forces is neither an aspect of the conventional anthropometrics of feet nor an informative label on the packet that markets supplementary insoles. In this paper we pursue an earlier suggestion that insole form in vertical view be quantified in terms of the shape of the foot not at the plane of support (the “footprint”) but some two millimeters above that level. Using such sections extracted from laser scans of 158 feet of adult women from the University of Zagreb, in conjunction with an appropriate modification of today’s standard geometric morphometrics (GMM), we find that the sectioned form can be described by its size together with two meaningful relative warps of shape. The pattern of this shape variation is not novel. It is closely aligned with two of the standard footprint measurements, the Chippaux-Šmiřák arch index and the Clarke arch angle, whose geometrical foci (the former in the ball of the foot, the latter in the arch) it apparently combines. Thus a strong contemporary analysis complements but does not supplant the simpler anthropometric analyses of half a century ago, with implications for applied anthropology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4550427 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45504272015-09-01 The Principal Components of Adult Female Insole Shape Align Closely with Two of Its Classic Indicators Bookstein, Fred L. Domjanic, Jacqueline PLoS One Research Article The plantar surface of the human foot transmits the weight and dynamic force of the owner’s lower limbs to the ground and the reaction forces back to the musculoskeletal system. Its anatomical variation is intensely studied in such fields as sports medicine and orthopedic dysmorphology. Yet, strangely, the shape of the insole that accommodates this surface and elastically buffers these forces is neither an aspect of the conventional anthropometrics of feet nor an informative label on the packet that markets supplementary insoles. In this paper we pursue an earlier suggestion that insole form in vertical view be quantified in terms of the shape of the foot not at the plane of support (the “footprint”) but some two millimeters above that level. Using such sections extracted from laser scans of 158 feet of adult women from the University of Zagreb, in conjunction with an appropriate modification of today’s standard geometric morphometrics (GMM), we find that the sectioned form can be described by its size together with two meaningful relative warps of shape. The pattern of this shape variation is not novel. It is closely aligned with two of the standard footprint measurements, the Chippaux-Šmiřák arch index and the Clarke arch angle, whose geometrical foci (the former in the ball of the foot, the latter in the arch) it apparently combines. Thus a strong contemporary analysis complements but does not supplant the simpler anthropometric analyses of half a century ago, with implications for applied anthropology. Public Library of Science 2015-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4550427/ /pubmed/26308442 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133303 Text en © 2015 Bookstein, Domjanic http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bookstein, Fred L. Domjanic, Jacqueline The Principal Components of Adult Female Insole Shape Align Closely with Two of Its Classic Indicators |
title | The Principal Components of Adult Female Insole Shape Align Closely with Two of Its Classic Indicators |
title_full | The Principal Components of Adult Female Insole Shape Align Closely with Two of Its Classic Indicators |
title_fullStr | The Principal Components of Adult Female Insole Shape Align Closely with Two of Its Classic Indicators |
title_full_unstemmed | The Principal Components of Adult Female Insole Shape Align Closely with Two of Its Classic Indicators |
title_short | The Principal Components of Adult Female Insole Shape Align Closely with Two of Its Classic Indicators |
title_sort | principal components of adult female insole shape align closely with two of its classic indicators |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550427/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308442 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133303 |
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