Utilization of Hyaluronate and Incidence of Septic Knee Arthritis in Adults: Results from the Korean National Claim Registry

BACKGROUND: Septic arthritis of the knee has been reported recently in adult patients who were administered hyaluronate. We evaluated the incidence of septic knees and the utilization of hyaluronate in the Korean adult population using nationwide data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). METHODS: All new admissions to the clinics or hospitals for septic knees were recorded in the HIRA database which was established by the Korean government and covers the Korean population using the International Classification of Diseases-10 revision code. We evaluated the incidence of septic arthritis of the knees in the population above 50 years of age. Hyaluronate prescription data was also collected from the HIRA database. RESULTS: In 2012, the incidence of septic knees was 2.7 per 100,000 persons in men and 4.2 per 100,000 persons in women, respectively. The age-adjusted incidence of septic knees increased by 6.7% per year (95% confidence interval, 3.3 to 10.1), and the annual number of prescriptions of hyaluronate increased about 1.5-fold during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Cautious aseptic technique is required when hyaluronate is administered in adult patients with osteoarthritis of the knee due to the concerns of the risk of septic arthritis.