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Idiopathic Bilateral External Jugular Vein Thrombosis
Patient: Male, 21 Final Diagnosis: Idiopathic bilateral external jugular vein thrombosis Symptoms: Face engorgement • neck swelling Medication: — Clinical Procedure: None Specialty: Hematology OBJECTIVE: Unknown ethiology BACKGROUND: Vein thrombosis is mainly determined by 3 factors, which constitut...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
International Scientific Literature, Inc.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4554332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26301793 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.895124 |
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author | Hindi, Zakaria Fadel, Ehab |
author_facet | Hindi, Zakaria Fadel, Ehab |
author_sort | Hindi, Zakaria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Patient: Male, 21 Final Diagnosis: Idiopathic bilateral external jugular vein thrombosis Symptoms: Face engorgement • neck swelling Medication: — Clinical Procedure: None Specialty: Hematology OBJECTIVE: Unknown ethiology BACKGROUND: Vein thrombosis is mainly determined by 3 factors, which constitute a triad called Virchow’s triad: hypercoagulability, stasis, and endothelial injury. Venous thrombosis commonly occurs in the lower extremities since most of the blood resides there and flows against gravity. The veins of the lower extremities are dependent on intact valves and fully functional leg muscles. However, in case of valvular incompetency or muscular weakness, thrombosis and blood stasis will occur as a result. In contrast, the veins of the neck, specially the jugulars, have distensible walls which allow flexibility during respiration. In addition, the blood directly flows downward towards the heart. Nevertheless, many case reports mentioned the thrombosis of internal jugular veins and external jugular veins with identified risk factors. Jugular vein thrombosis has previously been associated in the literature with a variety of medical conditions, including malignancy. CASE REPORT: This report is of a case of idiopathic bilateral external jugular vein thrombosis in a 21 year-old male construction worker of Southeast Asian origin with no previous medical history who presented with bilateral facial puffiness of gradual onset over 1 month. Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography were used in the diagnosis. Further work-up showed no evidence of infection or neoplasia. The patient was eventually discharged on warfarin. The patient was assessed after 6 months and his symptoms had resolved completely. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral idiopathic external jugular veins thrombosis is extremely rare and can be an indicator of early malignancy or hidden infection. While previous reports in the literature have associated jugular vein thrombosis with malignancy, the present case shows that external jugular vein thrombosis can also be found in persons without malignancy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4554332 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | International Scientific Literature, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45543322015-09-15 Idiopathic Bilateral External Jugular Vein Thrombosis Hindi, Zakaria Fadel, Ehab Am J Case Rep Articles Patient: Male, 21 Final Diagnosis: Idiopathic bilateral external jugular vein thrombosis Symptoms: Face engorgement • neck swelling Medication: — Clinical Procedure: None Specialty: Hematology OBJECTIVE: Unknown ethiology BACKGROUND: Vein thrombosis is mainly determined by 3 factors, which constitute a triad called Virchow’s triad: hypercoagulability, stasis, and endothelial injury. Venous thrombosis commonly occurs in the lower extremities since most of the blood resides there and flows against gravity. The veins of the lower extremities are dependent on intact valves and fully functional leg muscles. However, in case of valvular incompetency or muscular weakness, thrombosis and blood stasis will occur as a result. In contrast, the veins of the neck, specially the jugulars, have distensible walls which allow flexibility during respiration. In addition, the blood directly flows downward towards the heart. Nevertheless, many case reports mentioned the thrombosis of internal jugular veins and external jugular veins with identified risk factors. Jugular vein thrombosis has previously been associated in the literature with a variety of medical conditions, including malignancy. CASE REPORT: This report is of a case of idiopathic bilateral external jugular vein thrombosis in a 21 year-old male construction worker of Southeast Asian origin with no previous medical history who presented with bilateral facial puffiness of gradual onset over 1 month. Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography were used in the diagnosis. Further work-up showed no evidence of infection or neoplasia. The patient was eventually discharged on warfarin. The patient was assessed after 6 months and his symptoms had resolved completely. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral idiopathic external jugular veins thrombosis is extremely rare and can be an indicator of early malignancy or hidden infection. While previous reports in the literature have associated jugular vein thrombosis with malignancy, the present case shows that external jugular vein thrombosis can also be found in persons without malignancy. International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2015-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4554332/ /pubmed/26301793 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.895124 Text en © Am J Case Rep, 2015 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License |
spellingShingle | Articles Hindi, Zakaria Fadel, Ehab Idiopathic Bilateral External Jugular Vein Thrombosis |
title | Idiopathic Bilateral External Jugular Vein Thrombosis |
title_full | Idiopathic Bilateral External Jugular Vein Thrombosis |
title_fullStr | Idiopathic Bilateral External Jugular Vein Thrombosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Idiopathic Bilateral External Jugular Vein Thrombosis |
title_short | Idiopathic Bilateral External Jugular Vein Thrombosis |
title_sort | idiopathic bilateral external jugular vein thrombosis |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4554332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26301793 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.895124 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hindizakaria idiopathicbilateralexternaljugularveinthrombosis AT fadelehab idiopathicbilateralexternaljugularveinthrombosis |