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Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers
The potentially life-threatening effects of total body ionizing radiation exposure have been known for more than a century. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the effects of radiation over the past six decades, efforts to identify effective radiation countermeasures for use in cas...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4558447/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26366184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/741301 |
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author | Singh, Pankaj K. Krishnan, Sunil |
author_facet | Singh, Pankaj K. Krishnan, Sunil |
author_sort | Singh, Pankaj K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The potentially life-threatening effects of total body ionizing radiation exposure have been known for more than a century. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the effects of radiation over the past six decades, efforts to identify effective radiation countermeasures for use in case of a radiological/nuclear emergency have been largely unsuccessful. Vitamin E is known to have antioxidant properties capable of scavenging free radicals, which have critical roles in radiation injuries. Tocopherols and tocotrienols, vitamin E analogs together known as tocols, have shown promise as radioprotectors. Although the pivotal mechanisms of action of tocols have long been thought to be their antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging activities, other alternative mechanisms have been proposed to drive their activity as radioprotectors. Here we provide a brief overview of the effects of ionizing radiation, the mechanistic mediators of radiation-induced damage, and the need for radiation countermeasures. We further outline the role for, efficacy of, and mechanisms of action of tocols as radioprotectors, and we compare and contrast their efficacy and mode of action with that of another well-studied chemical radioprotector, amifostine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4558447 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45584472015-09-13 Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers Singh, Pankaj K. Krishnan, Sunil Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Review Article The potentially life-threatening effects of total body ionizing radiation exposure have been known for more than a century. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the effects of radiation over the past six decades, efforts to identify effective radiation countermeasures for use in case of a radiological/nuclear emergency have been largely unsuccessful. Vitamin E is known to have antioxidant properties capable of scavenging free radicals, which have critical roles in radiation injuries. Tocopherols and tocotrienols, vitamin E analogs together known as tocols, have shown promise as radioprotectors. Although the pivotal mechanisms of action of tocols have long been thought to be their antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging activities, other alternative mechanisms have been proposed to drive their activity as radioprotectors. Here we provide a brief overview of the effects of ionizing radiation, the mechanistic mediators of radiation-induced damage, and the need for radiation countermeasures. We further outline the role for, efficacy of, and mechanisms of action of tocols as radioprotectors, and we compare and contrast their efficacy and mode of action with that of another well-studied chemical radioprotector, amifostine. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4558447/ /pubmed/26366184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/741301 Text en Copyright © 2015 P. K. Singh and S. Krishnan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Singh, Pankaj K. Krishnan, Sunil Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers |
title | Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers |
title_full | Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers |
title_fullStr | Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers |
title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers |
title_short | Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers |
title_sort | vitamin e analogs as radiation response modifiers |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4558447/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26366184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/741301 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT singhpankajk vitamineanalogsasradiationresponsemodifiers AT krishnansunil vitamineanalogsasradiationresponsemodifiers |