Cargando…
Tuning of Ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing
Action potential timing is fundamental to information processing; however, its determinants are not fully understood. Here we report unexpected structural specializations in the Ranvier nodes and internodes of auditory brainstem axons involved in sound localization. Myelination properties deviated s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Pub. Group
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9073 |
_version_ | 1782388962392801280 |
---|---|
author | Ford, Marc C. Alexandrova, Olga Cossell, Lee Stange-Marten, Annette Sinclair, James Kopp-Scheinpflug, Conny Pecka, Michael Attwell, David Grothe, Benedikt |
author_facet | Ford, Marc C. Alexandrova, Olga Cossell, Lee Stange-Marten, Annette Sinclair, James Kopp-Scheinpflug, Conny Pecka, Michael Attwell, David Grothe, Benedikt |
author_sort | Ford, Marc C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Action potential timing is fundamental to information processing; however, its determinants are not fully understood. Here we report unexpected structural specializations in the Ranvier nodes and internodes of auditory brainstem axons involved in sound localization. Myelination properties deviated significantly from the traditionally assumed structure. Axons responding best to low-frequency sounds had a larger diameter than high-frequency axons but, surprisingly, shorter internodes. Simulations predicted that this geometry helps to adjust the conduction velocity and timing of action potentials within the circuit. Electrophysiological recordings in vitro and in vivo confirmed higher conduction velocities in low-frequency axons. Moreover, internode length decreased and Ranvier node diameter increased progressively along the distal axon segments, which simulations show was essential to ensure precisely timed depolarization of the giant calyx of Held presynaptic terminal. Thus, individual anatomical parameters of myelinated axons can be tuned to optimize pathways involved in temporal processing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4560803 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Nature Pub. Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45608032015-09-14 Tuning of Ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing Ford, Marc C. Alexandrova, Olga Cossell, Lee Stange-Marten, Annette Sinclair, James Kopp-Scheinpflug, Conny Pecka, Michael Attwell, David Grothe, Benedikt Nat Commun Article Action potential timing is fundamental to information processing; however, its determinants are not fully understood. Here we report unexpected structural specializations in the Ranvier nodes and internodes of auditory brainstem axons involved in sound localization. Myelination properties deviated significantly from the traditionally assumed structure. Axons responding best to low-frequency sounds had a larger diameter than high-frequency axons but, surprisingly, shorter internodes. Simulations predicted that this geometry helps to adjust the conduction velocity and timing of action potentials within the circuit. Electrophysiological recordings in vitro and in vivo confirmed higher conduction velocities in low-frequency axons. Moreover, internode length decreased and Ranvier node diameter increased progressively along the distal axon segments, which simulations show was essential to ensure precisely timed depolarization of the giant calyx of Held presynaptic terminal. Thus, individual anatomical parameters of myelinated axons can be tuned to optimize pathways involved in temporal processing. Nature Pub. Group 2015-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4560803/ /pubmed/26305015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9073 Text en Copyright © 2015, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Ford, Marc C. Alexandrova, Olga Cossell, Lee Stange-Marten, Annette Sinclair, James Kopp-Scheinpflug, Conny Pecka, Michael Attwell, David Grothe, Benedikt Tuning of Ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing |
title | Tuning of Ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing |
title_full | Tuning of Ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing |
title_fullStr | Tuning of Ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing |
title_full_unstemmed | Tuning of Ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing |
title_short | Tuning of Ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing |
title_sort | tuning of ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9073 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT fordmarcc tuningofranviernodeandinternodepropertiesinmyelinatedaxonstoadjustactionpotentialtiming AT alexandrovaolga tuningofranviernodeandinternodepropertiesinmyelinatedaxonstoadjustactionpotentialtiming AT cosselllee tuningofranviernodeandinternodepropertiesinmyelinatedaxonstoadjustactionpotentialtiming AT stangemartenannette tuningofranviernodeandinternodepropertiesinmyelinatedaxonstoadjustactionpotentialtiming AT sinclairjames tuningofranviernodeandinternodepropertiesinmyelinatedaxonstoadjustactionpotentialtiming AT koppscheinpflugconny tuningofranviernodeandinternodepropertiesinmyelinatedaxonstoadjustactionpotentialtiming AT peckamichael tuningofranviernodeandinternodepropertiesinmyelinatedaxonstoadjustactionpotentialtiming AT attwelldavid tuningofranviernodeandinternodepropertiesinmyelinatedaxonstoadjustactionpotentialtiming AT grothebenedikt tuningofranviernodeandinternodepropertiesinmyelinatedaxonstoadjustactionpotentialtiming |