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Physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain

Empathy is a process that comprises affective sharing, imagining, and understanding the emotions and mental states of others. The brain structures involved in empathy for physical pain include the anterior insula (AI), and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). High empathy may lead people to undertak...

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Autores principales: Jankowiak-Siuda, Kamila, Rymarczyk, Krystyna, Żurawski, Łukasz, Jednoróg, Katarzyna, Marchewka, Artur
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4561342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26441569
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00236
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author Jankowiak-Siuda, Kamila
Rymarczyk, Krystyna
Żurawski, Łukasz
Jednoróg, Katarzyna
Marchewka, Artur
author_facet Jankowiak-Siuda, Kamila
Rymarczyk, Krystyna
Żurawski, Łukasz
Jednoróg, Katarzyna
Marchewka, Artur
author_sort Jankowiak-Siuda, Kamila
collection PubMed
description Empathy is a process that comprises affective sharing, imagining, and understanding the emotions and mental states of others. The brain structures involved in empathy for physical pain include the anterior insula (AI), and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). High empathy may lead people to undertake pro-social behavior. It is important to understand how this process can be changed, and what factors these empathic responses depend on. Physical attractiveness is a major social and evolutional cue, playing a role in the formation of interpersonal evaluation. The aim of the study was to determine how attractiveness affects the level of empathy both in relation to self-rated behavior and in terms of activation of specific empathy-related brain regions. Twenty-seven subjects (14 female and 13 male) were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method while they were watching short video scenes involving physically more and less attractive men and women who exhibited pain responses. In the absence of behavioral effects in compassion ratings, we observed stronger activation in empathic brain structures (ACC; AI) for less attractive men and for attractive women than for attractive men. Evolutionary psychology studies suggest that beauty is valued more highly in females than males, which might lead observers to empathize more strongly with the attractive woman than the men. Attractive mens’ faces are typically associated with enhanced masculine facial characteristics and are considered to possess fewer desirable personality traits compared with feminized faces. This could explain why more empathy was shown to less attractive men. In conclusion, the study showed that the attractiveness and sex of a model are important modulators of empathy for pain.
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spelling pubmed-45613422015-10-05 Physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain Jankowiak-Siuda, Kamila Rymarczyk, Krystyna Żurawski, Łukasz Jednoróg, Katarzyna Marchewka, Artur Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience Empathy is a process that comprises affective sharing, imagining, and understanding the emotions and mental states of others. The brain structures involved in empathy for physical pain include the anterior insula (AI), and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). High empathy may lead people to undertake pro-social behavior. It is important to understand how this process can be changed, and what factors these empathic responses depend on. Physical attractiveness is a major social and evolutional cue, playing a role in the formation of interpersonal evaluation. The aim of the study was to determine how attractiveness affects the level of empathy both in relation to self-rated behavior and in terms of activation of specific empathy-related brain regions. Twenty-seven subjects (14 female and 13 male) were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method while they were watching short video scenes involving physically more and less attractive men and women who exhibited pain responses. In the absence of behavioral effects in compassion ratings, we observed stronger activation in empathic brain structures (ACC; AI) for less attractive men and for attractive women than for attractive men. Evolutionary psychology studies suggest that beauty is valued more highly in females than males, which might lead observers to empathize more strongly with the attractive woman than the men. Attractive mens’ faces are typically associated with enhanced masculine facial characteristics and are considered to possess fewer desirable personality traits compared with feminized faces. This could explain why more empathy was shown to less attractive men. In conclusion, the study showed that the attractiveness and sex of a model are important modulators of empathy for pain. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4561342/ /pubmed/26441569 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00236 Text en Copyright © 2015 Jankowiak-Siuda, Rymarczyk, Żurawski, Jednoróg and Marchewka. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Jankowiak-Siuda, Kamila
Rymarczyk, Krystyna
Żurawski, Łukasz
Jednoróg, Katarzyna
Marchewka, Artur
Physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain
title Physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain
title_full Physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain
title_fullStr Physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain
title_full_unstemmed Physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain
title_short Physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain
title_sort physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4561342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26441569
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00236
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