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Evolutionary History of the Photolyase/Cryptochrome Superfamily in Eukaryotes
BACKGROUND: Photolyases and cryptochromes are evolutionarily related flavoproteins, which however perform distinct physiological functions. Photolyases (PHR) are evolutionarily ancient enzymes. They are activated by light and repair DNA damage caused by UV radiation. Although cryptochromes share str...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4564169/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26352435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135940 |
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author | Mei, Qiming Dvornyk, Volodymyr |
author_facet | Mei, Qiming Dvornyk, Volodymyr |
author_sort | Mei, Qiming |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Photolyases and cryptochromes are evolutionarily related flavoproteins, which however perform distinct physiological functions. Photolyases (PHR) are evolutionarily ancient enzymes. They are activated by light and repair DNA damage caused by UV radiation. Although cryptochromes share structural similarity with DNA photolyases, they lack DNA repair activity. Cryptochrome (CRY) is one of the key elements of the circadian system in animals. In plants, CRY acts as a blue light receptor to entrain circadian rhythms, and mediates a variety of light responses, such as the regulation of flowering and seedling growth. RESULTS: We performed a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the CRY/PHR superfamily. The superfamily consists of 7 major subfamilies: CPD class I and CPD class II photolyases, (6–4) photolyases, CRY-DASH, plant PHR2, plant CRY and animal CRY. Although the whole superfamily evolved primarily under strong purifying selection (average ω = 0.0168), some subfamilies did experience strong episodic positive selection during their evolution. Photolyases were lost in higher animals that suggests natural selection apparently became weaker in the late stage of evolutionary history. The evolutionary time estimates suggested that plant and animal CRYs evolved in the Neoproterozoic Era (~1000–541 Mya), which might be a result of adaptation to the major climate and global light regime changes occurred in that period of the Earth’s geological history. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4564169 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45641692015-09-17 Evolutionary History of the Photolyase/Cryptochrome Superfamily in Eukaryotes Mei, Qiming Dvornyk, Volodymyr PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Photolyases and cryptochromes are evolutionarily related flavoproteins, which however perform distinct physiological functions. Photolyases (PHR) are evolutionarily ancient enzymes. They are activated by light and repair DNA damage caused by UV radiation. Although cryptochromes share structural similarity with DNA photolyases, they lack DNA repair activity. Cryptochrome (CRY) is one of the key elements of the circadian system in animals. In plants, CRY acts as a blue light receptor to entrain circadian rhythms, and mediates a variety of light responses, such as the regulation of flowering and seedling growth. RESULTS: We performed a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the CRY/PHR superfamily. The superfamily consists of 7 major subfamilies: CPD class I and CPD class II photolyases, (6–4) photolyases, CRY-DASH, plant PHR2, plant CRY and animal CRY. Although the whole superfamily evolved primarily under strong purifying selection (average ω = 0.0168), some subfamilies did experience strong episodic positive selection during their evolution. Photolyases were lost in higher animals that suggests natural selection apparently became weaker in the late stage of evolutionary history. The evolutionary time estimates suggested that plant and animal CRYs evolved in the Neoproterozoic Era (~1000–541 Mya), which might be a result of adaptation to the major climate and global light regime changes occurred in that period of the Earth’s geological history. Public Library of Science 2015-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4564169/ /pubmed/26352435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135940 Text en © 2015 Mei, Dvornyk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Mei, Qiming Dvornyk, Volodymyr Evolutionary History of the Photolyase/Cryptochrome Superfamily in Eukaryotes |
title | Evolutionary History of the Photolyase/Cryptochrome Superfamily in Eukaryotes |
title_full | Evolutionary History of the Photolyase/Cryptochrome Superfamily in Eukaryotes |
title_fullStr | Evolutionary History of the Photolyase/Cryptochrome Superfamily in Eukaryotes |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary History of the Photolyase/Cryptochrome Superfamily in Eukaryotes |
title_short | Evolutionary History of the Photolyase/Cryptochrome Superfamily in Eukaryotes |
title_sort | evolutionary history of the photolyase/cryptochrome superfamily in eukaryotes |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4564169/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26352435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135940 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT meiqiming evolutionaryhistoryofthephotolyasecryptochromesuperfamilyineukaryotes AT dvornykvolodymyr evolutionaryhistoryofthephotolyasecryptochromesuperfamilyineukaryotes |