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The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis

Over the last 20 years there has been an increasing interest in the influence of the gastrointestinal tract on appetite regulation. Much of the focus has been on the neuronal and hormonal relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. There is now mounting evidence that the colonic m...

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Autores principales: Byrne, C S, Chambers, E S, Morrison, D J, Frost, G
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4564526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25971927
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.84
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author Byrne, C S
Chambers, E S
Morrison, D J
Frost, G
author_facet Byrne, C S
Chambers, E S
Morrison, D J
Frost, G
author_sort Byrne, C S
collection PubMed
description Over the last 20 years there has been an increasing interest in the influence of the gastrointestinal tract on appetite regulation. Much of the focus has been on the neuronal and hormonal relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. There is now mounting evidence that the colonic microbiota and their metabolic activity have a significant role in energy homeostasis. The supply of substrate to the colonic microbiota has a major impact on the microbial population and the metabolites they produce, particularly short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are produced when non-digestible carbohydrates, namely dietary fibres and resistant starch, undergo fermentation by the colonic microbiota. Both the consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and the administration of SCFAs have been reported to result in a wide range of health benefits including improvements in body composition, glucose homeostasis, blood lipid profiles and reduced body weight and colon cancer risk. However, published studies tend to report the effects that fermentable carbohydrates and SCFAs have on specific tissues and metabolic processes, and fail to explain how these local effects translate into systemic effects and the mitigation of disease risk. Moreover, studies tend to investigate SCFAs collectively and neglect to report the effects associated with individual SCFAs. Here, we bring together the recent evidence and suggest an overarching model for the effects of SCFAs on one of their beneficial aspects: appetite regulation and energy homeostasis.
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spelling pubmed-45645262015-09-22 The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis Byrne, C S Chambers, E S Morrison, D J Frost, G Int J Obes (Lond) Review Over the last 20 years there has been an increasing interest in the influence of the gastrointestinal tract on appetite regulation. Much of the focus has been on the neuronal and hormonal relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. There is now mounting evidence that the colonic microbiota and their metabolic activity have a significant role in energy homeostasis. The supply of substrate to the colonic microbiota has a major impact on the microbial population and the metabolites they produce, particularly short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are produced when non-digestible carbohydrates, namely dietary fibres and resistant starch, undergo fermentation by the colonic microbiota. Both the consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and the administration of SCFAs have been reported to result in a wide range of health benefits including improvements in body composition, glucose homeostasis, blood lipid profiles and reduced body weight and colon cancer risk. However, published studies tend to report the effects that fermentable carbohydrates and SCFAs have on specific tissues and metabolic processes, and fail to explain how these local effects translate into systemic effects and the mitigation of disease risk. Moreover, studies tend to investigate SCFAs collectively and neglect to report the effects associated with individual SCFAs. Here, we bring together the recent evidence and suggest an overarching model for the effects of SCFAs on one of their beneficial aspects: appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. Nature Publishing Group 2015-09 2015-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4564526/ /pubmed/25971927 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.84 Text en Copyright © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Review
Byrne, C S
Chambers, E S
Morrison, D J
Frost, G
The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis
title The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis
title_full The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis
title_fullStr The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis
title_full_unstemmed The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis
title_short The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis
title_sort role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4564526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25971927
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.84
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