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Depth-Dependent Glycosaminoglycan Concentration in Articular Cartilage by Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Micro–Computed Tomography

OBJECTIVE: A quantitative contrast-enhanced micro–computed tomography (qCECT) method was developed to investigate the depth dependency and heterogeneity of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration of ex vivo cartilage equilibrated with an anionic radiographic contrast agent, Hexabrix. DESIGN: Full-...

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Autores principales: Mittelstaedt, Daniel, Xia, Yang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4568736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26425259
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1947603515596418
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author Mittelstaedt, Daniel
Xia, Yang
author_facet Mittelstaedt, Daniel
Xia, Yang
author_sort Mittelstaedt, Daniel
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: A quantitative contrast-enhanced micro–computed tomography (qCECT) method was developed to investigate the depth dependency and heterogeneity of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration of ex vivo cartilage equilibrated with an anionic radiographic contrast agent, Hexabrix. DESIGN: Full-thickness fresh native (n = 19 in 3 subgroups) and trypsin-degraded (n = 6) articular cartilage blocks were imaged using micro–computed tomography (μCT) at high resolution (13.4 μm(3)) before and after equilibration with various Hexabrix bathing concentrations. The GAG concentration was calculated depth-dependently based on Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium theory. Analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc was used to test for statistical significance (P < 0.05) for effect of Hexabrix bathing concentration, and for differences in bulk and zonal GAG concentrations individually and compared between native and trypsin-degraded cartilage. RESULTS: The bulk GAG concentration was calculated to be 74.44 ± 6.09 and 11.99 ± 4.24 mg/mL for native and degraded cartilage, respectively. A statistical difference was demonstrated for bulk and zonal GAG between native and degraded cartilage (P < 0.032). A statistical difference was not demonstrated for bulk GAG when comparing Hexabrix bathing concentrations (P > 0.3214) for neither native nor degraded cartilage. Depth-dependent GAG analysis of native cartilage revealed a statistical difference only in the radial zone between 30% and 50% Hexabrix bathing concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: This nondestructive qCECT methodology calculated the depth-dependent GAG concentration for both native and trypsin-degraded cartilage at high spatial resolution. qCECT allows for more detailed understanding of the topography and depth dependency, which could help diagnose health, degradation, and repair of native and contrived cartilage.
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spelling pubmed-45687362016-10-01 Depth-Dependent Glycosaminoglycan Concentration in Articular Cartilage by Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Micro–Computed Tomography Mittelstaedt, Daniel Xia, Yang Cartilage Article OBJECTIVE: A quantitative contrast-enhanced micro–computed tomography (qCECT) method was developed to investigate the depth dependency and heterogeneity of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration of ex vivo cartilage equilibrated with an anionic radiographic contrast agent, Hexabrix. DESIGN: Full-thickness fresh native (n = 19 in 3 subgroups) and trypsin-degraded (n = 6) articular cartilage blocks were imaged using micro–computed tomography (μCT) at high resolution (13.4 μm(3)) before and after equilibration with various Hexabrix bathing concentrations. The GAG concentration was calculated depth-dependently based on Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium theory. Analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc was used to test for statistical significance (P < 0.05) for effect of Hexabrix bathing concentration, and for differences in bulk and zonal GAG concentrations individually and compared between native and trypsin-degraded cartilage. RESULTS: The bulk GAG concentration was calculated to be 74.44 ± 6.09 and 11.99 ± 4.24 mg/mL for native and degraded cartilage, respectively. A statistical difference was demonstrated for bulk and zonal GAG between native and degraded cartilage (P < 0.032). A statistical difference was not demonstrated for bulk GAG when comparing Hexabrix bathing concentrations (P > 0.3214) for neither native nor degraded cartilage. Depth-dependent GAG analysis of native cartilage revealed a statistical difference only in the radial zone between 30% and 50% Hexabrix bathing concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: This nondestructive qCECT methodology calculated the depth-dependent GAG concentration for both native and trypsin-degraded cartilage at high spatial resolution. qCECT allows for more detailed understanding of the topography and depth dependency, which could help diagnose health, degradation, and repair of native and contrived cartilage. SAGE Publications 2015-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4568736/ /pubmed/26425259 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1947603515596418 Text en © The Author(s) 2015
spellingShingle Article
Mittelstaedt, Daniel
Xia, Yang
Depth-Dependent Glycosaminoglycan Concentration in Articular Cartilage by Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Micro–Computed Tomography
title Depth-Dependent Glycosaminoglycan Concentration in Articular Cartilage by Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Micro–Computed Tomography
title_full Depth-Dependent Glycosaminoglycan Concentration in Articular Cartilage by Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Micro–Computed Tomography
title_fullStr Depth-Dependent Glycosaminoglycan Concentration in Articular Cartilage by Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Micro–Computed Tomography
title_full_unstemmed Depth-Dependent Glycosaminoglycan Concentration in Articular Cartilage by Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Micro–Computed Tomography
title_short Depth-Dependent Glycosaminoglycan Concentration in Articular Cartilage by Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Micro–Computed Tomography
title_sort depth-dependent glycosaminoglycan concentration in articular cartilage by quantitative contrast-enhanced micro–computed tomography
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4568736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26425259
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1947603515596418
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