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Spatio-temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales

Understanding population dynamics requires spatio-temporal variation in demography to be measured across appropriate spatial and temporal scales. However, the most appropriate spatial scale(s) may not be obvious, few datasets cover sufficient time periods, and key demographic rates are often incompl...

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Autores principales: Brickhill, Daisy, Evans, Peter GH, Reid, Jane M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4569032/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26380670
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1615
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author Brickhill, Daisy
Evans, Peter GH
Reid, Jane M
author_facet Brickhill, Daisy
Evans, Peter GH
Reid, Jane M
author_sort Brickhill, Daisy
collection PubMed
description Understanding population dynamics requires spatio-temporal variation in demography to be measured across appropriate spatial and temporal scales. However, the most appropriate spatial scale(s) may not be obvious, few datasets cover sufficient time periods, and key demographic rates are often incompletely measured. Consequently, it is often assumed that demography will be spatially homogeneous within populations that lack obvious subdivision. Here, we quantify small-scale spatial and temporal variation in a key demographic rate, reproductive success (RS), within an apparently contiguous population of European starlings. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to define spatial clusters of nest sites at multiple small spatial scales and long-term data to test the hypothesis that small-scale spatio-temporal variation in RS occurred. RS was measured as the number of chicks alive ca. 12 days posthatch either per first brood or per nest site per breeding season (thereby incorporating multiple breeding attempts). First brood RS varied substantially among spatial clusters and years. Furthermore, the pattern of spatial variation was stable across years; some nest clusters consistently produced more chicks than others. Total seasonal RS also varied substantially among spatial clusters and years. However, the magnitude of variation was much larger and the pattern of spatial variation was no longer temporally consistent. Furthermore, the estimated magnitude of spatial variation in RS was greater at smaller spatial scales. We thereby demonstrate substantial spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal variation in RS occurring at very small spatial scales. We show that the estimated magnitude of this variation depended on spatial scale and that spatio-temporal variation would not have been detected if season-long RS had not been measured. Such small-scale spatio-temporal variation should be incorporated into empirical and theoretical treatments of population dynamics.
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spelling pubmed-45690322015-09-17 Spatio-temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales Brickhill, Daisy Evans, Peter GH Reid, Jane M Ecol Evol Original Research Understanding population dynamics requires spatio-temporal variation in demography to be measured across appropriate spatial and temporal scales. However, the most appropriate spatial scale(s) may not be obvious, few datasets cover sufficient time periods, and key demographic rates are often incompletely measured. Consequently, it is often assumed that demography will be spatially homogeneous within populations that lack obvious subdivision. Here, we quantify small-scale spatial and temporal variation in a key demographic rate, reproductive success (RS), within an apparently contiguous population of European starlings. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to define spatial clusters of nest sites at multiple small spatial scales and long-term data to test the hypothesis that small-scale spatio-temporal variation in RS occurred. RS was measured as the number of chicks alive ca. 12 days posthatch either per first brood or per nest site per breeding season (thereby incorporating multiple breeding attempts). First brood RS varied substantially among spatial clusters and years. Furthermore, the pattern of spatial variation was stable across years; some nest clusters consistently produced more chicks than others. Total seasonal RS also varied substantially among spatial clusters and years. However, the magnitude of variation was much larger and the pattern of spatial variation was no longer temporally consistent. Furthermore, the estimated magnitude of spatial variation in RS was greater at smaller spatial scales. We thereby demonstrate substantial spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal variation in RS occurring at very small spatial scales. We show that the estimated magnitude of this variation depended on spatial scale and that spatio-temporal variation would not have been detected if season-long RS had not been measured. Such small-scale spatio-temporal variation should be incorporated into empirical and theoretical treatments of population dynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2015-08 2015-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4569032/ /pubmed/26380670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1615 Text en © 2015 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Brickhill, Daisy
Evans, Peter GH
Reid, Jane M
Spatio-temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales
title Spatio-temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales
title_full Spatio-temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales
title_fullStr Spatio-temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales
title_full_unstemmed Spatio-temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales
title_short Spatio-temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales
title_sort spatio-temporal variation in european starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4569032/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26380670
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1615
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