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Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines

BACKGROUND: In order to increase the efficient allocation of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) disease control resources in the Philippines, we aimed to describe for the first time the spatial variation in the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm across the country, quantify the as...

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Autores principales: Soares Magalhães, Ricardo J., Salamat, Maria S., Leonardo, Lydia, Gray, Darren J., Carabin, Hélène, Halton, Kate, McManus, Donald P., Williams, Gail M., Rivera, Pilarita, Saniel, Ofelia, Hernandez, Leda, Yakob, Laith, McGarvey, Stephen T., Clements, Archie C. A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4569387/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26368819
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915
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author Soares Magalhães, Ricardo J.
Salamat, Maria S.
Leonardo, Lydia
Gray, Darren J.
Carabin, Hélène
Halton, Kate
McManus, Donald P.
Williams, Gail M.
Rivera, Pilarita
Saniel, Ofelia
Hernandez, Leda
Yakob, Laith
McGarvey, Stephen T.
Clements, Archie C. A.
author_facet Soares Magalhães, Ricardo J.
Salamat, Maria S.
Leonardo, Lydia
Gray, Darren J.
Carabin, Hélène
Halton, Kate
McManus, Donald P.
Williams, Gail M.
Rivera, Pilarita
Saniel, Ofelia
Hernandez, Leda
Yakob, Laith
McGarvey, Stephen T.
Clements, Archie C. A.
author_sort Soares Magalhães, Ricardo J.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In order to increase the efficient allocation of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) disease control resources in the Philippines, we aimed to describe for the first time the spatial variation in the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm across the country, quantify the association between the physical environment and spatial variation of STH infection and develop predictive risk maps for each infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Data on STH infection from 35,573 individuals across the country were geolocated at the barangay level and included in the analysis. The analysis was stratified geographically in two major regions: 1) Luzon and the Visayas and 2) Mindanao. Bayesian geostatistical models of STH prevalence were developed, including age and sex of individuals and environmental variables (rainfall, land surface temperature and distance to inland water bodies) as predictors, and diagnostic uncertainty was incorporated. The role of environmental variables was different between regions of the Philippines. This analysis revealed that while A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections were widespread and highly endemic, hookworm infections were more circumscribed to smaller foci in the Visayas and Mindanao. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This analysis revealed significant spatial variation in STH infection prevalence within provinces of the Philippines. This suggests that a spatially targeted approach to STH interventions, including mass drug administration, is warranted. When financially possible, additional STH surveys should be prioritized to high-risk areas identified by our study in Luzon.
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spelling pubmed-45693872015-09-18 Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines Soares Magalhães, Ricardo J. Salamat, Maria S. Leonardo, Lydia Gray, Darren J. Carabin, Hélène Halton, Kate McManus, Donald P. Williams, Gail M. Rivera, Pilarita Saniel, Ofelia Hernandez, Leda Yakob, Laith McGarvey, Stephen T. Clements, Archie C. A. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: In order to increase the efficient allocation of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) disease control resources in the Philippines, we aimed to describe for the first time the spatial variation in the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm across the country, quantify the association between the physical environment and spatial variation of STH infection and develop predictive risk maps for each infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Data on STH infection from 35,573 individuals across the country were geolocated at the barangay level and included in the analysis. The analysis was stratified geographically in two major regions: 1) Luzon and the Visayas and 2) Mindanao. Bayesian geostatistical models of STH prevalence were developed, including age and sex of individuals and environmental variables (rainfall, land surface temperature and distance to inland water bodies) as predictors, and diagnostic uncertainty was incorporated. The role of environmental variables was different between regions of the Philippines. This analysis revealed that while A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections were widespread and highly endemic, hookworm infections were more circumscribed to smaller foci in the Visayas and Mindanao. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This analysis revealed significant spatial variation in STH infection prevalence within provinces of the Philippines. This suggests that a spatially targeted approach to STH interventions, including mass drug administration, is warranted. When financially possible, additional STH surveys should be prioritized to high-risk areas identified by our study in Luzon. Public Library of Science 2015-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4569387/ /pubmed/26368819 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915 Text en © 2015 Soares Magalhães et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Soares Magalhães, Ricardo J.
Salamat, Maria S.
Leonardo, Lydia
Gray, Darren J.
Carabin, Hélène
Halton, Kate
McManus, Donald P.
Williams, Gail M.
Rivera, Pilarita
Saniel, Ofelia
Hernandez, Leda
Yakob, Laith
McGarvey, Stephen T.
Clements, Archie C. A.
Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines
title Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines
title_full Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines
title_fullStr Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines
title_full_unstemmed Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines
title_short Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines
title_sort mapping the risk of soil-transmitted helminthic infections in the philippines
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4569387/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26368819
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915
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