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Development of a hematogenous implant-related infection in a rat model

BACKGROUND: Implant-related osteomyelitis is a major complication that requires immediate treatment, often involving removal of the implant, prolonging patient recovery and inflating expenses. Current research involving interventions to diminish the prevalence of such measures include investigating...

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Autores principales: Shiels, Stefanie M., Bedigrew, Katherine M., Wenke, Joseph C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4570216/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26370721
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0699-7
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author Shiels, Stefanie M.
Bedigrew, Katherine M.
Wenke, Joseph C.
author_facet Shiels, Stefanie M.
Bedigrew, Katherine M.
Wenke, Joseph C.
author_sort Shiels, Stefanie M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Implant-related osteomyelitis is a major complication that requires immediate treatment, often involving removal of the implant, prolonging patient recovery and inflating expenses. Current research involving interventions to diminish the prevalence of such measures include investigating prophylactic and therapeutic remedies. A proper and accurate animal model is needed to thoroughly investigate such treatments. The scope of this project was to develop an animal model in which a consistent and measurable infection can be formed on an orthopedic implant when bacteria is introduced via a hematogenous source. METHODS: Titanium Kirschner-wires were implanted into the intramedullary canals of both femurs. Staphylococcus aureus, ranging from10(4) to 10(9) colony forming units, was injected into a tail vessel. After a designated time (3, 7, 14, or 42 days) the femurs were harvested and bacterial numbers determined for both the femur and the implanted K-wire. In addition, histology and micro-computed tomography were used as subjective tools to further characterize the infection. RESULTS: Consistent infection, that is infection of ≥75 % of the femurs, wasn’t achieved until 10(7) CFU S. aureus was injected. At 10(7) CFU, the femurs contained 4.6x10(6) CFU/g bone tissue at day 3 and 4.8×10(8) CFU/g bone tissue by day 14. The wire showed comparable contamination with 4.8×10(4) CFU/mm(2) at day 3 and 3.7×10(5)/mm(2) by day 14. After 42 days, the bacteria number decreased but was still occupying at 1.9×10(5) CFU/g bone tissue. There were morphological changes to the bone as well. At day 42, there were signs of osteonecrosis and active bone formation when compared to control animals that received a K-wire but were inoculated with saline. CONCLUSIONS: A model for hematogenous osteomyelitis, a common complication associated with implants, has been introduced. A reproducible, preclinical model is essential to evaluate future methods used to mitigate blood-borne bacteria hardware and bone infections.
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spelling pubmed-45702162015-09-16 Development of a hematogenous implant-related infection in a rat model Shiels, Stefanie M. Bedigrew, Katherine M. Wenke, Joseph C. BMC Musculoskelet Disord Research Article BACKGROUND: Implant-related osteomyelitis is a major complication that requires immediate treatment, often involving removal of the implant, prolonging patient recovery and inflating expenses. Current research involving interventions to diminish the prevalence of such measures include investigating prophylactic and therapeutic remedies. A proper and accurate animal model is needed to thoroughly investigate such treatments. The scope of this project was to develop an animal model in which a consistent and measurable infection can be formed on an orthopedic implant when bacteria is introduced via a hematogenous source. METHODS: Titanium Kirschner-wires were implanted into the intramedullary canals of both femurs. Staphylococcus aureus, ranging from10(4) to 10(9) colony forming units, was injected into a tail vessel. After a designated time (3, 7, 14, or 42 days) the femurs were harvested and bacterial numbers determined for both the femur and the implanted K-wire. In addition, histology and micro-computed tomography were used as subjective tools to further characterize the infection. RESULTS: Consistent infection, that is infection of ≥75 % of the femurs, wasn’t achieved until 10(7) CFU S. aureus was injected. At 10(7) CFU, the femurs contained 4.6x10(6) CFU/g bone tissue at day 3 and 4.8×10(8) CFU/g bone tissue by day 14. The wire showed comparable contamination with 4.8×10(4) CFU/mm(2) at day 3 and 3.7×10(5)/mm(2) by day 14. After 42 days, the bacteria number decreased but was still occupying at 1.9×10(5) CFU/g bone tissue. There were morphological changes to the bone as well. At day 42, there were signs of osteonecrosis and active bone formation when compared to control animals that received a K-wire but were inoculated with saline. CONCLUSIONS: A model for hematogenous osteomyelitis, a common complication associated with implants, has been introduced. A reproducible, preclinical model is essential to evaluate future methods used to mitigate blood-borne bacteria hardware and bone infections. BioMed Central 2015-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4570216/ /pubmed/26370721 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0699-7 Text en © Shiels et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Shiels, Stefanie M.
Bedigrew, Katherine M.
Wenke, Joseph C.
Development of a hematogenous implant-related infection in a rat model
title Development of a hematogenous implant-related infection in a rat model
title_full Development of a hematogenous implant-related infection in a rat model
title_fullStr Development of a hematogenous implant-related infection in a rat model
title_full_unstemmed Development of a hematogenous implant-related infection in a rat model
title_short Development of a hematogenous implant-related infection in a rat model
title_sort development of a hematogenous implant-related infection in a rat model
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4570216/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26370721
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0699-7
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