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High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera)

The study analyzes sequence variation of two mitochondrial genes (COI, cytb) in Pediculus humanus from three countries (Egypt, Pakistan, South Africa) that have received little prior attention, and integrates these results with prior data. Analysis indicates a maximum K2P distance of 10.3% among 960...

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Autores principales: Ashfaq, Muhammad, Prosser, Sean, Nasir, Saima, Masood, Mariyam, Ratnasingham, Sujeevan, Hebert, Paul D. N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4570997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26373806
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14188
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author Ashfaq, Muhammad
Prosser, Sean
Nasir, Saima
Masood, Mariyam
Ratnasingham, Sujeevan
Hebert, Paul D. N.
author_facet Ashfaq, Muhammad
Prosser, Sean
Nasir, Saima
Masood, Mariyam
Ratnasingham, Sujeevan
Hebert, Paul D. N.
author_sort Ashfaq, Muhammad
collection PubMed
description The study analyzes sequence variation of two mitochondrial genes (COI, cytb) in Pediculus humanus from three countries (Egypt, Pakistan, South Africa) that have received little prior attention, and integrates these results with prior data. Analysis indicates a maximum K2P distance of 10.3% among 960 COI sequences and 13.8% among 479 cytb sequences. Three analytical methods (BIN, PTP, ABGD) reveal five concordant OTUs for COI and cytb. Neighbor-Joining analysis of the COI sequences confirm five clusters; three corresponding to previously recognized mitochondrial clades A, B, C and two new clades, “D” and “E”, showing 2.3% and 2.8% divergence from their nearest neighbors (NN). Cytb data corroborate five clusters showing that clades “D” and “E” are both 4.6% divergent from their respective NN clades. Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of all clusters recovered by NJ analysis. Divergence time estimates suggest that the earliest split of P. humanus clades occured slightly more than one million years ago (MYa) and the latest about 0.3 MYa. Sequence divergences in COI and cytb among the five clades of P. humanus are 10X those in their human host, a difference that likely reflects both rate acceleration and the acquisition of lice clades from several archaic hominid lineages.
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spelling pubmed-45709972015-09-28 High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera) Ashfaq, Muhammad Prosser, Sean Nasir, Saima Masood, Mariyam Ratnasingham, Sujeevan Hebert, Paul D. N. Sci Rep Article The study analyzes sequence variation of two mitochondrial genes (COI, cytb) in Pediculus humanus from three countries (Egypt, Pakistan, South Africa) that have received little prior attention, and integrates these results with prior data. Analysis indicates a maximum K2P distance of 10.3% among 960 COI sequences and 13.8% among 479 cytb sequences. Three analytical methods (BIN, PTP, ABGD) reveal five concordant OTUs for COI and cytb. Neighbor-Joining analysis of the COI sequences confirm five clusters; three corresponding to previously recognized mitochondrial clades A, B, C and two new clades, “D” and “E”, showing 2.3% and 2.8% divergence from their nearest neighbors (NN). Cytb data corroborate five clusters showing that clades “D” and “E” are both 4.6% divergent from their respective NN clades. Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of all clusters recovered by NJ analysis. Divergence time estimates suggest that the earliest split of P. humanus clades occured slightly more than one million years ago (MYa) and the latest about 0.3 MYa. Sequence divergences in COI and cytb among the five clades of P. humanus are 10X those in their human host, a difference that likely reflects both rate acceleration and the acquisition of lice clades from several archaic hominid lineages. Nature Publishing Group 2015-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4570997/ /pubmed/26373806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14188 Text en Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Ashfaq, Muhammad
Prosser, Sean
Nasir, Saima
Masood, Mariyam
Ratnasingham, Sujeevan
Hebert, Paul D. N.
High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera)
title High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera)
title_full High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera)
title_fullStr High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera)
title_full_unstemmed High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera)
title_short High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera)
title_sort high diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, pediculus humanus (pediculidae: phthiraptera)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4570997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26373806
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14188
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