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Parental employment during early childhood and overweight at 7-years: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: There are increasing numbers of families with both parents (or a lone parent) employed, which may impact on the ability of families to support healthy lifestyles for their children. Some studies have linked maternal, but not paternal, employment with childhood overweight, although most h...

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Autores principales: Hope, Steven, Pearce, Anna, Whitehead, Margaret, Law, Catherine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4571056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26388995
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40608-015-0065-1
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author Hope, Steven
Pearce, Anna
Whitehead, Margaret
Law, Catherine
author_facet Hope, Steven
Pearce, Anna
Whitehead, Margaret
Law, Catherine
author_sort Hope, Steven
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: There are increasing numbers of families with both parents (or a lone parent) employed, which may impact on the ability of families to support healthy lifestyles for their children. Some studies have linked maternal, but not paternal, employment with childhood overweight, although most have been cross-sectional or reported over short periods. We investigated the relationship between parental employment since infancy and overweight in children at 7-years. We differentiated employment by intensity (hours worked), and examined mutually adjusted associations of cumulative maternal and paternal employment with childhood overweight. METHODS: Data on parental employment at 9 months, 3, 5 and 7-years were used to create cumulative measures of maternal, paternal and family employment in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Risk ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for childhood overweight (including obesity) at age 7 were estimated according to employment, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: Compared to continuous non-employment within the family since infancy, any employment of a parent was associated with lower risks of child overweight (e.g. one survey sweep in employment, adjusted RR: 0.71 [0.56–0.90]). Prolonged maternal full-time employment, however, was associated with elevated risks (four sweeps in full-time employment versus never, adjusted RR: 1.46 [1.20–1.78]). There was no equivalent association with paternal full-time employment. When limited to couple families, and adjusting for cumulative full-time employment of both parents and confounders, the risk of overweight at 7-years associated with continuous maternal full-time employment was not attenuated (adjusted RR: 1.71 [1.38–2.11]), and the association with paternal employment remained non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: Children living in workless households or where two parents are full-time employed have increased risks of overweight. These findings may imply the need for changes to enable parents to maintain healthy lifestyles for their children in the face of wider obesogenic influences. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-015-0065-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-45710562015-09-18 Parental employment during early childhood and overweight at 7-years: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study Hope, Steven Pearce, Anna Whitehead, Margaret Law, Catherine BMC Obes Research Article BACKGROUND: There are increasing numbers of families with both parents (or a lone parent) employed, which may impact on the ability of families to support healthy lifestyles for their children. Some studies have linked maternal, but not paternal, employment with childhood overweight, although most have been cross-sectional or reported over short periods. We investigated the relationship between parental employment since infancy and overweight in children at 7-years. We differentiated employment by intensity (hours worked), and examined mutually adjusted associations of cumulative maternal and paternal employment with childhood overweight. METHODS: Data on parental employment at 9 months, 3, 5 and 7-years were used to create cumulative measures of maternal, paternal and family employment in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Risk ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for childhood overweight (including obesity) at age 7 were estimated according to employment, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: Compared to continuous non-employment within the family since infancy, any employment of a parent was associated with lower risks of child overweight (e.g. one survey sweep in employment, adjusted RR: 0.71 [0.56–0.90]). Prolonged maternal full-time employment, however, was associated with elevated risks (four sweeps in full-time employment versus never, adjusted RR: 1.46 [1.20–1.78]). There was no equivalent association with paternal full-time employment. When limited to couple families, and adjusting for cumulative full-time employment of both parents and confounders, the risk of overweight at 7-years associated with continuous maternal full-time employment was not attenuated (adjusted RR: 1.71 [1.38–2.11]), and the association with paternal employment remained non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: Children living in workless households or where two parents are full-time employed have increased risks of overweight. These findings may imply the need for changes to enable parents to maintain healthy lifestyles for their children in the face of wider obesogenic influences. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-015-0065-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2015-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4571056/ /pubmed/26388995 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40608-015-0065-1 Text en © Hope et al. 2015 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hope, Steven
Pearce, Anna
Whitehead, Margaret
Law, Catherine
Parental employment during early childhood and overweight at 7-years: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title Parental employment during early childhood and overweight at 7-years: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_full Parental employment during early childhood and overweight at 7-years: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_fullStr Parental employment during early childhood and overweight at 7-years: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Parental employment during early childhood and overweight at 7-years: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_short Parental employment during early childhood and overweight at 7-years: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_sort parental employment during early childhood and overweight at 7-years: findings from the uk millennium cohort study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4571056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26388995
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40608-015-0065-1
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