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Energy Drinks, Alcohol, Sports and Traumatic Brain Injuries among Adolescents
IMPORTANCE: The high prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among adolescents has brought much focus to this area in recent years. Sports injuries have been identified as a main mechanism. Although energy drinks, including those mixed with alcohol, are often used by young athletes and other ad...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4572704/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26375286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135860 |
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author | Ilie, Gabriela Boak, Angela Mann, Robert E. Adlaf, Edward M. Hamilton, Hayley Asbridge, Mark Rehm, Jürgen Cusimano, Michael D. |
author_facet | Ilie, Gabriela Boak, Angela Mann, Robert E. Adlaf, Edward M. Hamilton, Hayley Asbridge, Mark Rehm, Jürgen Cusimano, Michael D. |
author_sort | Ilie, Gabriela |
collection | PubMed |
description | IMPORTANCE: The high prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among adolescents has brought much focus to this area in recent years. Sports injuries have been identified as a main mechanism. Although energy drinks, including those mixed with alcohol, are often used by young athletes and other adolescents they have not been examined in relation to TBI. OBJECTIVE: We report on the prevalence of adolescent TBI and its associations with energy drinks, alcohol and energy drink mixed in with alcohol consumption. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were derived from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health’s 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS). This population-based cross-sectional school survey included 10,272 7(th) to 12(th) graders (ages 11–20) who completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires in classrooms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mild to severe TBI were defined as those resulting in a loss of consciousness for at least five minutes, or being hospitalized for at least one night. Mechanism of TBI, prevalence estimates of TBI, and odds of energy drink consumption, alcohol use, and consumption of energy drinks mixed with alcohol are assessed. RESULTS: Among all students, 22.4% (95% CI: 20.7, 24.1) reported a history of TBI. Sports injuries remain the main mechanism of a recent (past year) TBI (45.5%, 95% CI: 41.0, 50.1). Multinomial logistic regression showed that relative to adolescents who never sustained a TBI, the odds of sustaining a recent TBI were greater for those consuming alcohol, energy drinks, and energy drinks mixed in with alcohol than abstainers. Odds ratios were higher for these behaviors among students who sustained a recent TBI than those who sustained a former TBI (lifetime but not past 12 months). Relative to recent TBI due to other causes of injury, adolescents who sustained a recent TBI while playing sports had higher odds of recent energy drinks consumption than abstainers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: TBI remains a disabling and common condition among adolescents and the consumption of alcohol, energy drinks, and alcohol mixed with energy drinks further increase the odds of TBI among adolescents. These associations warrant further investigation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4572704 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45727042015-09-18 Energy Drinks, Alcohol, Sports and Traumatic Brain Injuries among Adolescents Ilie, Gabriela Boak, Angela Mann, Robert E. Adlaf, Edward M. Hamilton, Hayley Asbridge, Mark Rehm, Jürgen Cusimano, Michael D. PLoS One Research Article IMPORTANCE: The high prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among adolescents has brought much focus to this area in recent years. Sports injuries have been identified as a main mechanism. Although energy drinks, including those mixed with alcohol, are often used by young athletes and other adolescents they have not been examined in relation to TBI. OBJECTIVE: We report on the prevalence of adolescent TBI and its associations with energy drinks, alcohol and energy drink mixed in with alcohol consumption. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were derived from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health’s 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS). This population-based cross-sectional school survey included 10,272 7(th) to 12(th) graders (ages 11–20) who completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires in classrooms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mild to severe TBI were defined as those resulting in a loss of consciousness for at least five minutes, or being hospitalized for at least one night. Mechanism of TBI, prevalence estimates of TBI, and odds of energy drink consumption, alcohol use, and consumption of energy drinks mixed with alcohol are assessed. RESULTS: Among all students, 22.4% (95% CI: 20.7, 24.1) reported a history of TBI. Sports injuries remain the main mechanism of a recent (past year) TBI (45.5%, 95% CI: 41.0, 50.1). Multinomial logistic regression showed that relative to adolescents who never sustained a TBI, the odds of sustaining a recent TBI were greater for those consuming alcohol, energy drinks, and energy drinks mixed in with alcohol than abstainers. Odds ratios were higher for these behaviors among students who sustained a recent TBI than those who sustained a former TBI (lifetime but not past 12 months). Relative to recent TBI due to other causes of injury, adolescents who sustained a recent TBI while playing sports had higher odds of recent energy drinks consumption than abstainers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: TBI remains a disabling and common condition among adolescents and the consumption of alcohol, energy drinks, and alcohol mixed with energy drinks further increase the odds of TBI among adolescents. These associations warrant further investigation. Public Library of Science 2015-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4572704/ /pubmed/26375286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135860 Text en © 2015 Ilie et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ilie, Gabriela Boak, Angela Mann, Robert E. Adlaf, Edward M. Hamilton, Hayley Asbridge, Mark Rehm, Jürgen Cusimano, Michael D. Energy Drinks, Alcohol, Sports and Traumatic Brain Injuries among Adolescents |
title | Energy Drinks, Alcohol, Sports and Traumatic Brain Injuries among Adolescents |
title_full | Energy Drinks, Alcohol, Sports and Traumatic Brain Injuries among Adolescents |
title_fullStr | Energy Drinks, Alcohol, Sports and Traumatic Brain Injuries among Adolescents |
title_full_unstemmed | Energy Drinks, Alcohol, Sports and Traumatic Brain Injuries among Adolescents |
title_short | Energy Drinks, Alcohol, Sports and Traumatic Brain Injuries among Adolescents |
title_sort | energy drinks, alcohol, sports and traumatic brain injuries among adolescents |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4572704/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26375286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135860 |
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