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DAG tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling

The neutral lipids diacylglycerols (DAGs) are involved in a plethora of metabolic pathways. They function as components of cellular membranes, as building blocks for glycero(phospho)lipids, and as lipid second messengers. Considering their central role in multiple metabolic processes and signaling p...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Eichmann, Thomas Oliver, Lass, Achim
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Basel 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4575688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153463
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1982-3
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author Eichmann, Thomas Oliver
Lass, Achim
author_facet Eichmann, Thomas Oliver
Lass, Achim
author_sort Eichmann, Thomas Oliver
collection PubMed
description The neutral lipids diacylglycerols (DAGs) are involved in a plethora of metabolic pathways. They function as components of cellular membranes, as building blocks for glycero(phospho)lipids, and as lipid second messengers. Considering their central role in multiple metabolic processes and signaling pathways, cellular DAG levels require a tight regulation to ensure a constant and controlled availability. Interestingly, DAG species are versatile in their chemical structure. Besides the different fatty acid species esterified to the glycerol backbone, DAGs can occur in three different stereo/regioisoforms, each with unique biological properties. Recent scientific advances have revealed that DAG metabolizing enzymes generate and distinguish different DAG isoforms, and that only one DAG isoform holds signaling properties. Herein, we review the current knowledge of DAG stereochemistry and their impact on cellular metabolism and signaling. Further, we describe intracellular DAG turnover and its stereochemistry in a 3-pool model to illustrate the spatial and stereochemical separation and hereby the diversity of cellular DAG metabolism.
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spelling pubmed-45756882015-09-24 DAG tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling Eichmann, Thomas Oliver Lass, Achim Cell Mol Life Sci Review The neutral lipids diacylglycerols (DAGs) are involved in a plethora of metabolic pathways. They function as components of cellular membranes, as building blocks for glycero(phospho)lipids, and as lipid second messengers. Considering their central role in multiple metabolic processes and signaling pathways, cellular DAG levels require a tight regulation to ensure a constant and controlled availability. Interestingly, DAG species are versatile in their chemical structure. Besides the different fatty acid species esterified to the glycerol backbone, DAGs can occur in three different stereo/regioisoforms, each with unique biological properties. Recent scientific advances have revealed that DAG metabolizing enzymes generate and distinguish different DAG isoforms, and that only one DAG isoform holds signaling properties. Herein, we review the current knowledge of DAG stereochemistry and their impact on cellular metabolism and signaling. Further, we describe intracellular DAG turnover and its stereochemistry in a 3-pool model to illustrate the spatial and stereochemical separation and hereby the diversity of cellular DAG metabolism. Springer Basel 2015-07-08 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4575688/ /pubmed/26153463 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1982-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Review
Eichmann, Thomas Oliver
Lass, Achim
DAG tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling
title DAG tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling
title_full DAG tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling
title_fullStr DAG tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling
title_full_unstemmed DAG tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling
title_short DAG tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling
title_sort dag tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4575688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153463
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1982-3
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