Dosimetric Effects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-assisted Radiotherapy Planning: Dose Optimization for Target Volumes at High Risk and Analytic Radiobiological Dose Evaluation

Based on the assumption that apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) define high-risk clinical target volume (aCTV(HR)) in high-grade glioma in a cellularity-dependent manner, the dosimetric effects of aCTV(HR)-targeted dose optimization were evaluated in two intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and ADC maps were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to determine aCTV(HR) in a high-grade glioma with high cellularity. After confirming tumor malignancy using the average and minimum ADCs and ADC ratios, the aCTV(HR) with double- or triple-restricted water diffusion was defined on computed tomography images through image registration. Doses to the aCTV(HR) and CTV defined on T1-weighted MR images were optimized using a simultaneous integrated boost technique. The dosimetric benefits for CTVs and organs at risk (OARs) were compared using dose volume histograms and various biophysical indices in an ADC map-based IMRT (IMRT(ADC)) plan and a conventional IMRT (IMRT(conv)) plan. The IMRT(ADC) plan improved dose conformity up to 15 times, compared to the IMRT(conv) plan. It reduced the equivalent uniform doses in the visual system and brain stem by more than 10% and 16%, respectively. The ADC-based target differentiation and dose optimization may facilitate conformal dose distribution to the aCTV(HR) and OAR sparing in an IMRT plan. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text]