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Antifungal Rhizosphere Bacteria Can increase as Response to the Presence of Saprotrophic Fungi
Knowledge on the factors that determine the composition of bacterial communities in the vicinity of roots (rhizosphere) is essential to understand plant-soil interactions. Plant species identity, plant growth stage and soil properties have been indicated as major determinants of rhizosphere bacteria...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4578881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26393509 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137988 |
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author | de Boer, Wietse Hundscheid, Maria P. J. Klein Gunnewiek, Paulien J. A. de Ridder-Duine, Annelies S. Thion, Cecile van Veen, Johannes A. van der Wal, Annemieke |
author_facet | de Boer, Wietse Hundscheid, Maria P. J. Klein Gunnewiek, Paulien J. A. de Ridder-Duine, Annelies S. Thion, Cecile van Veen, Johannes A. van der Wal, Annemieke |
author_sort | de Boer, Wietse |
collection | PubMed |
description | Knowledge on the factors that determine the composition of bacterial communities in the vicinity of roots (rhizosphere) is essential to understand plant-soil interactions. Plant species identity, plant growth stage and soil properties have been indicated as major determinants of rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Here we show that the presence of saprotrophic fungi can be an additional factor steering rhizosphere bacterial community composition and functioning. We studied the impact of presence of two common fungal rhizosphere inhabitants (Mucor hiemalis and Trichoderma harzianum) on the composition of cultivable bacterial communities developing in the rhizosphere of Carex arenaria (sand sedge) in sand microcosms. Identification and phenotypic characterization of bacterial isolates revealed clear shifts in the rhizosphere bacterial community composition by the presence of two fungal strains (M. hiemalis BHB1 and T. harzianum PvdG2), whereas another M. hiemalis strain did not show this effect. Presence of both M. hiemalis BHB1 and T. harzianum PvdG2 resulted in a significant increase of chitinolytic and (in vitro) antifungal bacteria. The latter was most pronounced for M. hiemalis BHB1, an isolate from Carex roots, which stimulated the development of the bacterial genera Achromobacter and Stenotrophomonas. In vitro tests showed that these genera were strongly antagonistic against M. hiemalis but also against the plant-pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The most likely explanation for fungal-induced shifts in the composition of rhizosphere bacteria is that bacteria are being selected which are successful in competing with fungi for root exudates. Based on the results we propose that measures increasing saprotrophic fungi in agricultural soils should be explored as an alternative approach to enhance natural biocontrol against soil-borne plant-pathogenic fungi, namely by stimulating indigenous antifungal rhizosphere bacteria. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4578881 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45788812015-10-01 Antifungal Rhizosphere Bacteria Can increase as Response to the Presence of Saprotrophic Fungi de Boer, Wietse Hundscheid, Maria P. J. Klein Gunnewiek, Paulien J. A. de Ridder-Duine, Annelies S. Thion, Cecile van Veen, Johannes A. van der Wal, Annemieke PLoS One Research Article Knowledge on the factors that determine the composition of bacterial communities in the vicinity of roots (rhizosphere) is essential to understand plant-soil interactions. Plant species identity, plant growth stage and soil properties have been indicated as major determinants of rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Here we show that the presence of saprotrophic fungi can be an additional factor steering rhizosphere bacterial community composition and functioning. We studied the impact of presence of two common fungal rhizosphere inhabitants (Mucor hiemalis and Trichoderma harzianum) on the composition of cultivable bacterial communities developing in the rhizosphere of Carex arenaria (sand sedge) in sand microcosms. Identification and phenotypic characterization of bacterial isolates revealed clear shifts in the rhizosphere bacterial community composition by the presence of two fungal strains (M. hiemalis BHB1 and T. harzianum PvdG2), whereas another M. hiemalis strain did not show this effect. Presence of both M. hiemalis BHB1 and T. harzianum PvdG2 resulted in a significant increase of chitinolytic and (in vitro) antifungal bacteria. The latter was most pronounced for M. hiemalis BHB1, an isolate from Carex roots, which stimulated the development of the bacterial genera Achromobacter and Stenotrophomonas. In vitro tests showed that these genera were strongly antagonistic against M. hiemalis but also against the plant-pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The most likely explanation for fungal-induced shifts in the composition of rhizosphere bacteria is that bacteria are being selected which are successful in competing with fungi for root exudates. Based on the results we propose that measures increasing saprotrophic fungi in agricultural soils should be explored as an alternative approach to enhance natural biocontrol against soil-borne plant-pathogenic fungi, namely by stimulating indigenous antifungal rhizosphere bacteria. Public Library of Science 2015-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4578881/ /pubmed/26393509 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137988 Text en © 2015 de Boer et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article de Boer, Wietse Hundscheid, Maria P. J. Klein Gunnewiek, Paulien J. A. de Ridder-Duine, Annelies S. Thion, Cecile van Veen, Johannes A. van der Wal, Annemieke Antifungal Rhizosphere Bacteria Can increase as Response to the Presence of Saprotrophic Fungi |
title | Antifungal Rhizosphere Bacteria Can increase as Response to the Presence of Saprotrophic Fungi |
title_full | Antifungal Rhizosphere Bacteria Can increase as Response to the Presence of Saprotrophic Fungi |
title_fullStr | Antifungal Rhizosphere Bacteria Can increase as Response to the Presence of Saprotrophic Fungi |
title_full_unstemmed | Antifungal Rhizosphere Bacteria Can increase as Response to the Presence of Saprotrophic Fungi |
title_short | Antifungal Rhizosphere Bacteria Can increase as Response to the Presence of Saprotrophic Fungi |
title_sort | antifungal rhizosphere bacteria can increase as response to the presence of saprotrophic fungi |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4578881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26393509 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137988 |
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