Is Blood Eosinophil Count a Predictor of Response to Bronchodilators in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Results from Post Hoc Subgroup Analyses

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with blood eosinophil (EOS) count ≥2 % benefit from exacerbation reductions with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). We conducted post hoc analyses to determine if EOS count ≥2 % is a marker for greater responsiveness to the bronchodilators umeclidinium (UMEC; long-acting muscarinic antagonist), vilanterol (VI; long-acting β(2)-agonist) or UMEC/VI combination. METHODS: Effects of once-daily UMEC/VI 62.5/25, UMEC 62.5 and VI 25 µg versus placebo on trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), Transition Dyspnoea Index (TDI), St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores and adverse event (AE) incidences in four completed, 6-month studies were assessed by EOS subgroup. Trough FEV(1) was also evaluated by ICS use and EOS subgroup. Analyses were performed using a repeated measures model. RESULTS: At baseline, 2437 of 4647 (52 %) patients had EOS count ≥2 %. Overall, ≈50 % of patients used ICSs. At day 169, no notable variations were observed in trough FEV(1) least squares mean differences between EOS subgroups versus placebo for UMEC/VI, UMEC and VI; results according to ICS use were similar. No differences were reported between EOS subgroups in TDI and SGRQ scores on day 168, or for incidences of AEs, serious AEs and AEs leading to withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Response to UMEC/VI, UMEC and VI in terms of trough FEV(1), dyspnoea and health-related quality of life was similar for COPD patients with baseline EOS counts ≥2 or <2 %. EOS count did not appear to predict bronchodilator response in either ICS users or non-users. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40261-015-0322-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.