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Inclusive fitness effects can select for cancer suppression into old age

Natural selection can favour health at youth or middle age (high reproductive value) over health at old age (low reproductive value). This means, all else being equal, selection for cancer suppression should dramatically drop after reproductive age. However, in species with significant parental inve...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Brown, Joel S., Aktipis, C. Athena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4581037/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056358
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0160
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author Brown, Joel S.
Aktipis, C. Athena
author_facet Brown, Joel S.
Aktipis, C. Athena
author_sort Brown, Joel S.
collection PubMed
description Natural selection can favour health at youth or middle age (high reproductive value) over health at old age (low reproductive value). This means, all else being equal, selection for cancer suppression should dramatically drop after reproductive age. However, in species with significant parental investment, the capacity to enhance inclusive fitness may increase the reproductive value of older individuals or even those past reproductive age. Variation in parental investment levels could therefore contribute to variation in cancer susceptibility across species. In this article, we describe a simple model and framework for the evolution of cancer suppression with varying levels of parental investment and use this model to make testable predictions about variation in cancer suppression across species. This model can be extended to show that selection for cancer suppression is stronger in species with cooperative breeding systems and intergenerational transfers. We consider three cases that can select for cancer suppression into old age: (i) extended parental care that increases the survivorship of their offspring, (ii) grandparents contributing to higher fecundity of their children and (iii) cooperative breeding where helpers forgo reproduction or even survivorship to assist parents in having higher fecundity.
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spelling pubmed-45810372015-10-01 Inclusive fitness effects can select for cancer suppression into old age Brown, Joel S. Aktipis, C. Athena Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Articles Natural selection can favour health at youth or middle age (high reproductive value) over health at old age (low reproductive value). This means, all else being equal, selection for cancer suppression should dramatically drop after reproductive age. However, in species with significant parental investment, the capacity to enhance inclusive fitness may increase the reproductive value of older individuals or even those past reproductive age. Variation in parental investment levels could therefore contribute to variation in cancer susceptibility across species. In this article, we describe a simple model and framework for the evolution of cancer suppression with varying levels of parental investment and use this model to make testable predictions about variation in cancer suppression across species. This model can be extended to show that selection for cancer suppression is stronger in species with cooperative breeding systems and intergenerational transfers. We consider three cases that can select for cancer suppression into old age: (i) extended parental care that increases the survivorship of their offspring, (ii) grandparents contributing to higher fecundity of their children and (iii) cooperative breeding where helpers forgo reproduction or even survivorship to assist parents in having higher fecundity. The Royal Society 2015-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4581037/ /pubmed/26056358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0160 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ © 2015 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Articles
Brown, Joel S.
Aktipis, C. Athena
Inclusive fitness effects can select for cancer suppression into old age
title Inclusive fitness effects can select for cancer suppression into old age
title_full Inclusive fitness effects can select for cancer suppression into old age
title_fullStr Inclusive fitness effects can select for cancer suppression into old age
title_full_unstemmed Inclusive fitness effects can select for cancer suppression into old age
title_short Inclusive fitness effects can select for cancer suppression into old age
title_sort inclusive fitness effects can select for cancer suppression into old age
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4581037/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056358
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0160
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