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Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening

AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of “fundus on phone’ (FOP) camera, a smartphone based retinal imaging system, as a screening tool for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection and DR severity in comparison with 7-standard field digital retinal photography. DESIGN: Single-site, prospective...

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Autores principales: Rajalakshmi, Ramachandran, Arulmalar, Subramanian, Usha, Manoharan, Prathiba, Vijayaraghavan, Kareemuddin, Khaji Syed, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Mohan, Viswanathan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4581835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26401839
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138285
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author Rajalakshmi, Ramachandran
Arulmalar, Subramanian
Usha, Manoharan
Prathiba, Vijayaraghavan
Kareemuddin, Khaji Syed
Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
Mohan, Viswanathan
author_facet Rajalakshmi, Ramachandran
Arulmalar, Subramanian
Usha, Manoharan
Prathiba, Vijayaraghavan
Kareemuddin, Khaji Syed
Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
Mohan, Viswanathan
author_sort Rajalakshmi, Ramachandran
collection PubMed
description AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of “fundus on phone’ (FOP) camera, a smartphone based retinal imaging system, as a screening tool for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection and DR severity in comparison with 7-standard field digital retinal photography. DESIGN: Single-site, prospective, comparative, instrument validation study. METHODS: 301 patients (602 eyes) with type 2 diabetes underwent standard seven-field digital fundus photography with both Carl Zeiss fundus camera and indigenous FOP at a tertiary care diabetes centre in South India. Grading of DR was performed by two independent retina specialists using modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading system. Sight threatening DR (STDR) was defined by the presence of proliferative DR(PDR) or diabetic macular edema. The sensitivity, specificity and image quality were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 53.5 ±9.6 years and mean duration of diabetes 12.5±7.3 years. The Zeiss camera showed that 43.9% had non-proliferative DR(NPDR) and 15.3% had PDR while the FOP camera showed that 40.2% had NPDR and 15.3% had PDR. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting any DR by FOP was 92.7% (95%CI 87.8–96.1) and 98.4% (95%CI 94.3–99.8) respectively and the kappa (ĸ) agreement was 0.90 (95%CI-0.85–0.95 p<0.001) while for STDR, the sensitivity was 87.9% (95%CI 83.2–92.9), specificity 94.9% (95%CI 89.7–98.2) and ĸ agreement was 0.80 (95%CI 0.71–0.89 p<0.001), compared to conventional photography. CONCLUSION: Retinal photography using FOP camera is effective for screening and diagnosis of DR and STDR with high sensitivity and specificity and has substantial agreement with conventional retinal photography.
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spelling pubmed-45818352015-10-01 Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Rajalakshmi, Ramachandran Arulmalar, Subramanian Usha, Manoharan Prathiba, Vijayaraghavan Kareemuddin, Khaji Syed Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Mohan, Viswanathan PLoS One Research Article AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of “fundus on phone’ (FOP) camera, a smartphone based retinal imaging system, as a screening tool for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection and DR severity in comparison with 7-standard field digital retinal photography. DESIGN: Single-site, prospective, comparative, instrument validation study. METHODS: 301 patients (602 eyes) with type 2 diabetes underwent standard seven-field digital fundus photography with both Carl Zeiss fundus camera and indigenous FOP at a tertiary care diabetes centre in South India. Grading of DR was performed by two independent retina specialists using modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading system. Sight threatening DR (STDR) was defined by the presence of proliferative DR(PDR) or diabetic macular edema. The sensitivity, specificity and image quality were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 53.5 ±9.6 years and mean duration of diabetes 12.5±7.3 years. The Zeiss camera showed that 43.9% had non-proliferative DR(NPDR) and 15.3% had PDR while the FOP camera showed that 40.2% had NPDR and 15.3% had PDR. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting any DR by FOP was 92.7% (95%CI 87.8–96.1) and 98.4% (95%CI 94.3–99.8) respectively and the kappa (ĸ) agreement was 0.90 (95%CI-0.85–0.95 p<0.001) while for STDR, the sensitivity was 87.9% (95%CI 83.2–92.9), specificity 94.9% (95%CI 89.7–98.2) and ĸ agreement was 0.80 (95%CI 0.71–0.89 p<0.001), compared to conventional photography. CONCLUSION: Retinal photography using FOP camera is effective for screening and diagnosis of DR and STDR with high sensitivity and specificity and has substantial agreement with conventional retinal photography. Public Library of Science 2015-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4581835/ /pubmed/26401839 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138285 Text en © 2015 Rajalakshmi et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rajalakshmi, Ramachandran
Arulmalar, Subramanian
Usha, Manoharan
Prathiba, Vijayaraghavan
Kareemuddin, Khaji Syed
Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
Mohan, Viswanathan
Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
title Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
title_full Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
title_fullStr Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
title_full_unstemmed Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
title_short Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
title_sort validation of smartphone based retinal photography for diabetic retinopathy screening
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4581835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26401839
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138285
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