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Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6

Vitamin A has biological functions as diverse as sensing light for vision, regulating stem cell differentiation, maintaining epithelial integrity, promoting immune competency, regulating learning and memory, and acting as a key developmental morphogen. Vitamin A derivatives have also been used in tr...

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Autores principales: Kawaguchi, Riki, Zhong, Ming, Kassai, Miki, Ter-Stepanian, Mariam, Sun, Hui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4584289/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343735
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes5030425
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author Kawaguchi, Riki
Zhong, Ming
Kassai, Miki
Ter-Stepanian, Mariam
Sun, Hui
author_facet Kawaguchi, Riki
Zhong, Ming
Kassai, Miki
Ter-Stepanian, Mariam
Sun, Hui
author_sort Kawaguchi, Riki
collection PubMed
description Vitamin A has biological functions as diverse as sensing light for vision, regulating stem cell differentiation, maintaining epithelial integrity, promoting immune competency, regulating learning and memory, and acting as a key developmental morphogen. Vitamin A derivatives have also been used in treating human diseases. If vitamin A is considered a drug that everyone needs to take to survive, evolution has come up with a natural drug delivery system that combines sustained release with precise and controlled delivery to the cells or tissues that depend on it. This “drug delivery system” is mediated by plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific vitamin A carrier protein in the blood, and STRA6, the cell-surface receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake. The mechanism by which the RBP receptor absorbs vitamin A from the blood is distinct from other known cellular uptake mechanisms. This review summarizes recent progress in elucidating the fundamental molecular mechanism mediated by the RBP receptor and multiple newly discovered catalytic activities of this receptor, and compares this transport system with retinoid transport independent of RBP/STRA6. How to target this new type of transmembrane receptor using small molecules in treating diseases is also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-45842892015-10-05 Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6 Kawaguchi, Riki Zhong, Ming Kassai, Miki Ter-Stepanian, Mariam Sun, Hui Membranes (Basel) Review Vitamin A has biological functions as diverse as sensing light for vision, regulating stem cell differentiation, maintaining epithelial integrity, promoting immune competency, regulating learning and memory, and acting as a key developmental morphogen. Vitamin A derivatives have also been used in treating human diseases. If vitamin A is considered a drug that everyone needs to take to survive, evolution has come up with a natural drug delivery system that combines sustained release with precise and controlled delivery to the cells or tissues that depend on it. This “drug delivery system” is mediated by plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific vitamin A carrier protein in the blood, and STRA6, the cell-surface receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake. The mechanism by which the RBP receptor absorbs vitamin A from the blood is distinct from other known cellular uptake mechanisms. This review summarizes recent progress in elucidating the fundamental molecular mechanism mediated by the RBP receptor and multiple newly discovered catalytic activities of this receptor, and compares this transport system with retinoid transport independent of RBP/STRA6. How to target this new type of transmembrane receptor using small molecules in treating diseases is also discussed. MDPI 2015-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4584289/ /pubmed/26343735 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes5030425 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kawaguchi, Riki
Zhong, Ming
Kassai, Miki
Ter-Stepanian, Mariam
Sun, Hui
Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6
title Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6
title_full Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6
title_fullStr Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6
title_short Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6
title_sort vitamin a transport mechanism of the multitransmembrane cell-surface receptor stra6
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4584289/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343735
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes5030425
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