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Quantifying mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance
Mechanical force plays a fundamental role in neuronal development, physiology, and regeneration. In particular, research has shown that force is involved in growth cone-mediated axonal growth and guidance as well as stretch-induced elongation when an organism increases in size after forming initial...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4584967/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26441530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00359 |
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author | Athamneh, Ahmad I. M. Suter, Daniel M. |
author_facet | Athamneh, Ahmad I. M. Suter, Daniel M. |
author_sort | Athamneh, Ahmad I. M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mechanical force plays a fundamental role in neuronal development, physiology, and regeneration. In particular, research has shown that force is involved in growth cone-mediated axonal growth and guidance as well as stretch-induced elongation when an organism increases in size after forming initial synaptic connections. However, much of the details about the exact role of force in these fundamental processes remain unknown. In this review, we highlight: (1) standing questions concerning the role of mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance; and (2) different experimental techniques used to quantify forces in axons and growth cones. We believe that satisfying answers to these questions will require quantitative information about the relationship between elongation, forces, cytoskeletal dynamics, axonal transport, signaling, substrate adhesion, and stiffness contributing to directional growth advance. Furthermore, we address why a wide range of force values have been reported in the literature, and what these values mean in the context of neuronal mechanics. We hope that this review will provide a guide for those interested in studying the role of force in development and regeneration of neuronal networks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4584967 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45849672015-10-05 Quantifying mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance Athamneh, Ahmad I. M. Suter, Daniel M. Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Mechanical force plays a fundamental role in neuronal development, physiology, and regeneration. In particular, research has shown that force is involved in growth cone-mediated axonal growth and guidance as well as stretch-induced elongation when an organism increases in size after forming initial synaptic connections. However, much of the details about the exact role of force in these fundamental processes remain unknown. In this review, we highlight: (1) standing questions concerning the role of mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance; and (2) different experimental techniques used to quantify forces in axons and growth cones. We believe that satisfying answers to these questions will require quantitative information about the relationship between elongation, forces, cytoskeletal dynamics, axonal transport, signaling, substrate adhesion, and stiffness contributing to directional growth advance. Furthermore, we address why a wide range of force values have been reported in the literature, and what these values mean in the context of neuronal mechanics. We hope that this review will provide a guide for those interested in studying the role of force in development and regeneration of neuronal networks. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4584967/ /pubmed/26441530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00359 Text en Copyright © 2015 Athamneh and Suter. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Athamneh, Ahmad I. M. Suter, Daniel M. Quantifying mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance |
title | Quantifying mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance |
title_full | Quantifying mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance |
title_fullStr | Quantifying mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance |
title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance |
title_short | Quantifying mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance |
title_sort | quantifying mechanical force in axonal growth and guidance |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4584967/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26441530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00359 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT athamnehahmadim quantifyingmechanicalforceinaxonalgrowthandguidance AT suterdanielm quantifyingmechanicalforceinaxonalgrowthandguidance |