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Functional Clusters, Hubs, and Communities in the Cortical Microconnectome
Although relationships between networks of different scales have been observed in macroscopic brain studies, relationships between structures of different scales in networks of neurons are unknown. To address this, we recorded from up to 500 neurons simultaneously from slice cultures of rodent somat...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585513/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25336598 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu252 |
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author | Shimono, Masanori Beggs, John M. |
author_facet | Shimono, Masanori Beggs, John M. |
author_sort | Shimono, Masanori |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although relationships between networks of different scales have been observed in macroscopic brain studies, relationships between structures of different scales in networks of neurons are unknown. To address this, we recorded from up to 500 neurons simultaneously from slice cultures of rodent somatosensory cortex. We then measured directed effective networks with transfer entropy, previously validated in simulated cortical networks. These effective networks enabled us to evaluate distinctive nonrandom structures of connectivity at 2 different scales. We have 4 main findings. First, at the scale of 3–6 neurons (clusters), we found that high numbers of connections occurred significantly more often than expected by chance. Second, the distribution of the number of connections per neuron (degree distribution) had a long tail, indicating that the network contained distinctively high-degree neurons, or hubs. Third, at the scale of tens to hundreds of neurons, we typically found 2–3 significantly large communities. Finally, we demonstrated that communities were relatively more robust than clusters against shuffling of connections. We conclude the microconnectome of the cortex has specific organization at different scales, as revealed by differences in robustness. We suggest that this information will help us to understand how the microconnectome is robust against damage. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4585513 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45855132015-09-29 Functional Clusters, Hubs, and Communities in the Cortical Microconnectome Shimono, Masanori Beggs, John M. Cereb Cortex Articles Although relationships between networks of different scales have been observed in macroscopic brain studies, relationships between structures of different scales in networks of neurons are unknown. To address this, we recorded from up to 500 neurons simultaneously from slice cultures of rodent somatosensory cortex. We then measured directed effective networks with transfer entropy, previously validated in simulated cortical networks. These effective networks enabled us to evaluate distinctive nonrandom structures of connectivity at 2 different scales. We have 4 main findings. First, at the scale of 3–6 neurons (clusters), we found that high numbers of connections occurred significantly more often than expected by chance. Second, the distribution of the number of connections per neuron (degree distribution) had a long tail, indicating that the network contained distinctively high-degree neurons, or hubs. Third, at the scale of tens to hundreds of neurons, we typically found 2–3 significantly large communities. Finally, we demonstrated that communities were relatively more robust than clusters against shuffling of connections. We conclude the microconnectome of the cortex has specific organization at different scales, as revealed by differences in robustness. We suggest that this information will help us to understand how the microconnectome is robust against damage. Oxford University Press 2015-10 2014-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4585513/ /pubmed/25336598 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu252 Text en © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Articles Shimono, Masanori Beggs, John M. Functional Clusters, Hubs, and Communities in the Cortical Microconnectome |
title | Functional Clusters, Hubs, and Communities in the Cortical Microconnectome |
title_full | Functional Clusters, Hubs, and Communities in the Cortical Microconnectome |
title_fullStr | Functional Clusters, Hubs, and Communities in the Cortical Microconnectome |
title_full_unstemmed | Functional Clusters, Hubs, and Communities in the Cortical Microconnectome |
title_short | Functional Clusters, Hubs, and Communities in the Cortical Microconnectome |
title_sort | functional clusters, hubs, and communities in the cortical microconnectome |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585513/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25336598 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu252 |
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