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The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease
The innate immune system represents the first-line response to invading microbes, tissue damage, or aberrant cell growth. Many of the proteins and cells involved in innate immunity are produced by, and reside in, the liver. This abundance in immune cells and proteins reflects the liver’s adaptation...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590620/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26695748 |
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author | Nagy, Laura E. |
author_facet | Nagy, Laura E. |
author_sort | Nagy, Laura E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The innate immune system represents the first-line response to invading microbes, tissue damage, or aberrant cell growth. Many of the proteins and cells involved in innate immunity are produced by, and reside in, the liver. This abundance in immune cells and proteins reflects the liver’s adaptation to various immune challenges but also makes the organ particularly vulnerable to alcohol’s effects. Heavy alcohol consumption may produce leakage of microbes and microbial products from the gastrointestinal tract, which quickly reach the liver via the portal vein. Exposure to these immune challenges and to alcohol and its breakdown products dysregulates the liver’s normally fine-tuned immune signaling pathways, leading to activation of various cellular sensors of pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns. The ensuing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα], interleukin [IL]-8, and IL-1β) results in cellular dysfunction that contributes to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Investigations into the roles of the various components of liver innate immunity in ALD have begun to uncover the molecular basis of this disease. Further progress in this area may help inform the development of interventions targeting the innate system to augment current treatments of ALD. These treatments could include antibodies against pro-inflammatory cytokines, use of anti-inflammatory cytokines, or suppression of alcohol-induced epigenetic regulators of innate immunity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4590620 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45906202015-10-02 The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease Nagy, Laura E. Alcohol Res Feature The innate immune system represents the first-line response to invading microbes, tissue damage, or aberrant cell growth. Many of the proteins and cells involved in innate immunity are produced by, and reside in, the liver. This abundance in immune cells and proteins reflects the liver’s adaptation to various immune challenges but also makes the organ particularly vulnerable to alcohol’s effects. Heavy alcohol consumption may produce leakage of microbes and microbial products from the gastrointestinal tract, which quickly reach the liver via the portal vein. Exposure to these immune challenges and to alcohol and its breakdown products dysregulates the liver’s normally fine-tuned immune signaling pathways, leading to activation of various cellular sensors of pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns. The ensuing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα], interleukin [IL]-8, and IL-1β) results in cellular dysfunction that contributes to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Investigations into the roles of the various components of liver innate immunity in ALD have begun to uncover the molecular basis of this disease. Further progress in this area may help inform the development of interventions targeting the innate system to augment current treatments of ALD. These treatments could include antibodies against pro-inflammatory cytokines, use of anti-inflammatory cytokines, or suppression of alcohol-induced epigenetic regulators of innate immunity. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4590620/ /pubmed/26695748 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Unless otherwise noted in the text, all material appearing in this journal is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission. Citation of the source is appreciated. |
spellingShingle | Feature Nagy, Laura E. The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease |
title | The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease |
title_full | The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease |
title_fullStr | The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease |
title_short | The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease |
title_sort | role of innate immunity in alcoholic liver disease |
topic | Feature |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590620/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26695748 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nagylaurae theroleofinnateimmunityinalcoholicliverdisease AT nagylaurae roleofinnateimmunityinalcoholicliverdisease |