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A Case-Cohort Study of Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in American Women
BACKGROUND: Environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with type 2 diabetes. However, the association of Cd and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between body burden of Cd and GDM risk. METHODS: We used 140 GDM cases and 481 randomly selec...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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NLM-Export
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712731 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408282 |
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author | Romano, Megan E. Enquobahrie, Daniel A. Simpson, Christopher D. Checkoway, Harvey Williams, Michelle A. |
author_facet | Romano, Megan E. Enquobahrie, Daniel A. Simpson, Christopher D. Checkoway, Harvey Williams, Michelle A. |
author_sort | Romano, Megan E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with type 2 diabetes. However, the association of Cd and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between body burden of Cd and GDM risk. METHODS: We used 140 GDM cases and 481 randomly selected noncase subcohort members from the Omega Study to conduct a case-cohort study. Creatinine (Cr)–corrected Cd in early pregnancy urine (U-Cd) was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Tertiles (< 0.29; 0.29–0.42; ≥ 0.43 μg/g Cr) were defined using the subcohort’s U-Cd distribution. GDM was diagnosed using the 2004 American Diabetes Association guidelines. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: GDM cases had higher geometric mean U-Cd (0.39 μg/g Cr; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.41) than noncases (0.31 μg/g Cr; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.33). Odds ratios for GDM increased with increasing U-Cd tertile (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 0.88, 3.05 for middle vs. low tertile; OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.73 for high vs. low tertile; p-trend = 0.015). Overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) did not modify the association between U-Cd and GDM (p = 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that body burden of Cd increases risk of GDM in a dose-dependent manner. Improved understanding of environmental factors influencing GDM may facilitate early identification of women at high risk of GDM. CITATION: Romano ME, Enquobahrie DA, Simpson CD, Checkoway H, Williams MA. 2015. A case-cohort study of cadmium body burden and gestational diabetes mellitus in American women. Environ Health Perspect 123:993–998; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408282 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4590743 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | NLM-Export |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45907432015-10-19 A Case-Cohort Study of Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in American Women Romano, Megan E. Enquobahrie, Daniel A. Simpson, Christopher D. Checkoway, Harvey Williams, Michelle A. Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with type 2 diabetes. However, the association of Cd and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between body burden of Cd and GDM risk. METHODS: We used 140 GDM cases and 481 randomly selected noncase subcohort members from the Omega Study to conduct a case-cohort study. Creatinine (Cr)–corrected Cd in early pregnancy urine (U-Cd) was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Tertiles (< 0.29; 0.29–0.42; ≥ 0.43 μg/g Cr) were defined using the subcohort’s U-Cd distribution. GDM was diagnosed using the 2004 American Diabetes Association guidelines. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: GDM cases had higher geometric mean U-Cd (0.39 μg/g Cr; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.41) than noncases (0.31 μg/g Cr; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.33). Odds ratios for GDM increased with increasing U-Cd tertile (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 0.88, 3.05 for middle vs. low tertile; OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.73 for high vs. low tertile; p-trend = 0.015). Overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) did not modify the association between U-Cd and GDM (p = 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that body burden of Cd increases risk of GDM in a dose-dependent manner. Improved understanding of environmental factors influencing GDM may facilitate early identification of women at high risk of GDM. CITATION: Romano ME, Enquobahrie DA, Simpson CD, Checkoway H, Williams MA. 2015. A case-cohort study of cadmium body burden and gestational diabetes mellitus in American women. Environ Health Perspect 123:993–998; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408282 NLM-Export 2015-02-24 2015-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4590743/ /pubmed/25712731 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408282 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, “Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives”); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. |
spellingShingle | Research Romano, Megan E. Enquobahrie, Daniel A. Simpson, Christopher D. Checkoway, Harvey Williams, Michelle A. A Case-Cohort Study of Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in American Women |
title | A Case-Cohort Study of Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in American Women |
title_full | A Case-Cohort Study of Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in American Women |
title_fullStr | A Case-Cohort Study of Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in American Women |
title_full_unstemmed | A Case-Cohort Study of Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in American Women |
title_short | A Case-Cohort Study of Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in American Women |
title_sort | case-cohort study of cadmium body burden and gestational diabetes mellitus in american women |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712731 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408282 |
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