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Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis
The conversion of virgin desert into oasis farmland creates two contrasting types of land-cover. During oasis formation with irrigation and fertilizer application, however, the changes in the soil microbial population, which play critical roles in the ecosystem, remain poorly understood. We applied...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591283/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26426279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139626 |
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author | Li, Chen-hua Tang, Li-song Jia, Zhong-jun Li, Yan |
author_facet | Li, Chen-hua Tang, Li-song Jia, Zhong-jun Li, Yan |
author_sort | Li, Chen-hua |
collection | PubMed |
description | The conversion of virgin desert into oasis farmland creates two contrasting types of land-cover. During oasis formation with irrigation and fertilizer application, however, the changes in the soil microbial population, which play critical roles in the ecosystem, remain poorly understood. We applied high-throughput pyrosequencing to investigate bacterial and archaeal communities throughout the profile (0–3 m) in an experimental field, where irrigation and fertilization began in 1990 and cropped with winter wheat since then. To assess the effects of cultivation, the following treatments were compared with the virgin desert: CK (no fertilizer), PK, NK, NP, NPK, NPKR, and NPKM (R: straw residue; M: manure fertilizer). Irrigation had a greater impact on the overall microbial community than fertilizer application. The greatest impact occurred in topsoil (0–0.2 m), e.g., Cyanobacteria (25% total abundance) were most abundant in desert soil, while Actinobacteria (26%) were most abundant in oasis soil. The proportions of extremophilic and photosynthetic groups (e.g., Deinococcus-Thermus and Cyanobacteria) decreased, while the proportions of R-strategy (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria including Xanthomonadales), nitrifying (e.g., Nitrospirae), and anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Anaerolineae) increased throughout the oasis profile. Archaea occurred only in oasis soil. The impact of fertilizer application was mainly reflected in the non-dominant communities or finer taxonomic divisions. Oasis formation led to a dramatic shift in microbial community and enhanced soil enzyme activities. The rapidly increased soil moisture and decreased salt caused by irrigation were responsible for this shift. Furthermore, difference in fertilization and crop growth altered the organic carbon contents in the soil, which resulted in differences of microbial communities within oasis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4591283 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45912832015-10-09 Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis Li, Chen-hua Tang, Li-song Jia, Zhong-jun Li, Yan PLoS One Research Article The conversion of virgin desert into oasis farmland creates two contrasting types of land-cover. During oasis formation with irrigation and fertilizer application, however, the changes in the soil microbial population, which play critical roles in the ecosystem, remain poorly understood. We applied high-throughput pyrosequencing to investigate bacterial and archaeal communities throughout the profile (0–3 m) in an experimental field, where irrigation and fertilization began in 1990 and cropped with winter wheat since then. To assess the effects of cultivation, the following treatments were compared with the virgin desert: CK (no fertilizer), PK, NK, NP, NPK, NPKR, and NPKM (R: straw residue; M: manure fertilizer). Irrigation had a greater impact on the overall microbial community than fertilizer application. The greatest impact occurred in topsoil (0–0.2 m), e.g., Cyanobacteria (25% total abundance) were most abundant in desert soil, while Actinobacteria (26%) were most abundant in oasis soil. The proportions of extremophilic and photosynthetic groups (e.g., Deinococcus-Thermus and Cyanobacteria) decreased, while the proportions of R-strategy (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria including Xanthomonadales), nitrifying (e.g., Nitrospirae), and anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Anaerolineae) increased throughout the oasis profile. Archaea occurred only in oasis soil. The impact of fertilizer application was mainly reflected in the non-dominant communities or finer taxonomic divisions. Oasis formation led to a dramatic shift in microbial community and enhanced soil enzyme activities. The rapidly increased soil moisture and decreased salt caused by irrigation were responsible for this shift. Furthermore, difference in fertilization and crop growth altered the organic carbon contents in the soil, which resulted in differences of microbial communities within oasis. Public Library of Science 2015-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4591283/ /pubmed/26426279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139626 Text en © 2015 Li et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Li, Chen-hua Tang, Li-song Jia, Zhong-jun Li, Yan Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis |
title | Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis |
title_full | Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis |
title_fullStr | Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis |
title_full_unstemmed | Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis |
title_short | Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis |
title_sort | profile changes in the soil microbial community when desert becomes oasis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591283/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26426279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139626 |
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