Cargando…

Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis

The conversion of virgin desert into oasis farmland creates two contrasting types of land-cover. During oasis formation with irrigation and fertilizer application, however, the changes in the soil microbial population, which play critical roles in the ecosystem, remain poorly understood. We applied...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Li, Chen-hua, Tang, Li-song, Jia, Zhong-jun, Li, Yan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591283/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26426279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139626
_version_ 1782393050161479680
author Li, Chen-hua
Tang, Li-song
Jia, Zhong-jun
Li, Yan
author_facet Li, Chen-hua
Tang, Li-song
Jia, Zhong-jun
Li, Yan
author_sort Li, Chen-hua
collection PubMed
description The conversion of virgin desert into oasis farmland creates two contrasting types of land-cover. During oasis formation with irrigation and fertilizer application, however, the changes in the soil microbial population, which play critical roles in the ecosystem, remain poorly understood. We applied high-throughput pyrosequencing to investigate bacterial and archaeal communities throughout the profile (0–3 m) in an experimental field, where irrigation and fertilization began in 1990 and cropped with winter wheat since then. To assess the effects of cultivation, the following treatments were compared with the virgin desert: CK (no fertilizer), PK, NK, NP, NPK, NPKR, and NPKM (R: straw residue; M: manure fertilizer). Irrigation had a greater impact on the overall microbial community than fertilizer application. The greatest impact occurred in topsoil (0–0.2 m), e.g., Cyanobacteria (25% total abundance) were most abundant in desert soil, while Actinobacteria (26%) were most abundant in oasis soil. The proportions of extremophilic and photosynthetic groups (e.g., Deinococcus-Thermus and Cyanobacteria) decreased, while the proportions of R-strategy (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria including Xanthomonadales), nitrifying (e.g., Nitrospirae), and anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Anaerolineae) increased throughout the oasis profile. Archaea occurred only in oasis soil. The impact of fertilizer application was mainly reflected in the non-dominant communities or finer taxonomic divisions. Oasis formation led to a dramatic shift in microbial community and enhanced soil enzyme activities. The rapidly increased soil moisture and decreased salt caused by irrigation were responsible for this shift. Furthermore, difference in fertilization and crop growth altered the organic carbon contents in the soil, which resulted in differences of microbial communities within oasis.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4591283
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2015
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-45912832015-10-09 Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis Li, Chen-hua Tang, Li-song Jia, Zhong-jun Li, Yan PLoS One Research Article The conversion of virgin desert into oasis farmland creates two contrasting types of land-cover. During oasis formation with irrigation and fertilizer application, however, the changes in the soil microbial population, which play critical roles in the ecosystem, remain poorly understood. We applied high-throughput pyrosequencing to investigate bacterial and archaeal communities throughout the profile (0–3 m) in an experimental field, where irrigation and fertilization began in 1990 and cropped with winter wheat since then. To assess the effects of cultivation, the following treatments were compared with the virgin desert: CK (no fertilizer), PK, NK, NP, NPK, NPKR, and NPKM (R: straw residue; M: manure fertilizer). Irrigation had a greater impact on the overall microbial community than fertilizer application. The greatest impact occurred in topsoil (0–0.2 m), e.g., Cyanobacteria (25% total abundance) were most abundant in desert soil, while Actinobacteria (26%) were most abundant in oasis soil. The proportions of extremophilic and photosynthetic groups (e.g., Deinococcus-Thermus and Cyanobacteria) decreased, while the proportions of R-strategy (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria including Xanthomonadales), nitrifying (e.g., Nitrospirae), and anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Anaerolineae) increased throughout the oasis profile. Archaea occurred only in oasis soil. The impact of fertilizer application was mainly reflected in the non-dominant communities or finer taxonomic divisions. Oasis formation led to a dramatic shift in microbial community and enhanced soil enzyme activities. The rapidly increased soil moisture and decreased salt caused by irrigation were responsible for this shift. Furthermore, difference in fertilization and crop growth altered the organic carbon contents in the soil, which resulted in differences of microbial communities within oasis. Public Library of Science 2015-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4591283/ /pubmed/26426279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139626 Text en © 2015 Li et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Li, Chen-hua
Tang, Li-song
Jia, Zhong-jun
Li, Yan
Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis
title Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis
title_full Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis
title_fullStr Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis
title_full_unstemmed Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis
title_short Profile Changes in the Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis
title_sort profile changes in the soil microbial community when desert becomes oasis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591283/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26426279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139626
work_keys_str_mv AT lichenhua profilechangesinthesoilmicrobialcommunitywhendesertbecomesoasis
AT tanglisong profilechangesinthesoilmicrobialcommunitywhendesertbecomesoasis
AT jiazhongjun profilechangesinthesoilmicrobialcommunitywhendesertbecomesoasis
AT liyan profilechangesinthesoilmicrobialcommunitywhendesertbecomesoasis